ArticleJournal of anatomy2020
Novel concept for the epaxial/hypaxial boundary based on neuronal development.
Article in Journal of anatomy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Distinctive Innervation Patterns of Thigh Extensor Muscles in Anura: A Morphogenetic Hypothesis of Nerve Re-Routing Within the Hindlimb Plexus in the Tetrapod Evolutionary Process.Anatomia, histologia, embryologia · 2026Article
- Targeting Eustachian Tube Microenvironment: Probiotic Surfactant Utilization for Antimicrobial Peptide Secretion to Prevent Otitis Media.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Fetal development and growth of the human neck axial musculature.Anatomy & cell biology · 2026Article
- Trunk Muscle Differentiation and Growth in Vertebrates.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2026Review
- Novel muscular anomaly along the iliac crest: Innervation from the superior cluneal nerves and topographical relationship to the thoracolumbar fascia.Anatomical science international · 2025Article
- A new classification of the shoulder girdle muscles in domestic fowl based on their innervation from the brachial plexus.Anatomical science international · 2024Article
- Identification and characterization of a potentially novel dorsal cutaneous muscle in rodents.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals diversity within mammalian spinal motor neurons.Nature communications · 2023Article
- A three-component model of the spinal nerve ramification: Bringing together the human gross anatomy and modern Embryology.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Novel concept for the epaxial/hypaxial boundary based on neuronal development.Journal of anatomy · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Trunk muscles in vertebrates are classified as either dorsal epaxial or ventral hypaxial muscles. Epaxial and hypaxial muscles are defined as muscles innervated by the dorsal and ventral rami of spinal nerves, respectively. Each cluster of spinal motor neurons passing through dorsal rami innervates epaxial muscles, whereas clusters traveling on the ventral rami innervate hypaxial muscles. Herein, we show that some motor neurons exhibiting molecular profiles for epaxial muscles follow a path in the ventral rami. Dorsal deep-shoulder muscles and some body wall muscles are defined as hypaxial due to innervation via the ventral rami, but a part of these ventral rami has the molecular profile of motor neurons that innervate epaxial muscles. Thus, the epaxial and hypaxial boundary cannot be determined simply by the ramification pattern of spinal nerves. We propose that, although muscle innervation occurs via the ventral rami, dorsal deep-shoulder muscles and some body wall muscles represent an intermediate group that lies between epaxial and hypaxial muscles.
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