ReviewCNS drugs2020
Non-Dopaminergic Treatments for Motor Control in Parkinson's Disease: An Update.
Review in CNS drugs, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and Safety of Light Therapy as a Home Treatment for Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson Disease: A Meta-Analysis.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Phase II Study of Foliglurax in Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2022Trial
- Review
- Neurotransmitter Dysregulation in Parkinson's Disease: Pathophysiological Insights and Therapeutic Perspectives.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2026Review
- Ayurvedic Therapeutic Regimen as an Add-On to Optimized Conventional Management of Parkinson Disease: Protocol for an Exploratory Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Clinical, Cortical Excitability, Neuroimmune, and Autonomic Function Parameters.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Understanding the Pre-Clinical Stages of Parkinson's Disease: Where Are We in Clinical and Research Settings?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Aerobic exercise and gut flora: a key link to improved cognitive impairment in mice with Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Role of the Central Cholinergic Nervous System in Motor and Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Review
- Dopamine Depletion in Parkinson's Disease and Therapeutic Options.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2025Article
- Parkinson disease therapy: current strategies and future research priorities.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2024Review
- NMDA receptor remodeling and nNOS activation in mice after unilateral striatal injury with 6-OHDA.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Advances and Insights in Positron Emission Tomography Tracers for Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 4 Imaging.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Herbal/Natural Compounds Resist Hallmarks of Brain Aging: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Aberrant somatic calcium channel function in cNurr1 and LRRK2-G2019S mice.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2023Article
- PT320, a Sustained-Release GLP-1 Receptor Agonist, Ameliorates L-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis and intestinal microbiome dysregulation in Parkinson's disease.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- [Adenosine A2A Receptor Antagonists as a Treatment Option for Parkinson's Disease?]Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie · 2022Article
- Safinamide in the treatment pathway of Parkinson's Disease: a European Delphi Consensus.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2022Article
- Istradefylline for OFF Episodes in Parkinson's Disease: A US Perspective of Common Clinical Scenarios.Degenerative neurological and neuromuscular disease · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glutamatergic, noradrenergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic systems play a critical role in the basal ganglia circuitry. Targeting these non-dopaminergic receptors remains a focus of ongoing research to improve Parkinson's disease (PD) motor symptoms, without the potential side effects of dopamine replacement therapy. This review updates advancements in non-dopaminergic treatments for motor control in PD since 2013. To date, no non-dopaminergic selective drug has shown significant long-term efficacy as monotherapy in PD. The largest area of development in non-dopaminergic targets has been for motor complications of dopamine replacement therapy (motor fluctuations and dyskinesia). For treatment of motor fluctuations, safinamide, zonisamide, and istradefylline are currently approved, and novel glutamatergic and serotonergic drugs are in development. Long-acting formulations of amantadine are approved for treating dyskinesia. Several non-dopaminergic drugs have failed to show anti-dyskinetic efficacy, while some are still in development. Non-dopaminergic targets are also being pursued to treat specific motor symptoms of PD. For example, CX-8998 (a calcium channel modulator) is being evaluated for PD tremor and rivastigmine may improve gait dysfunction in PD. Drug repurposing continues to be a key strategy for non-dopaminergic targets in PD, but the field needs to increase discovery and availability of such drugs.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.