ReviewBioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy2020
Failed, Interrupted, or Inconclusive Trials on Immunomodulatory Treatment Strategies in Multiple Sclerosis: Update 2015-2020.
Review in BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Which experimental factors govern successful animal-to-human translation in multiple sclerosis drug development? A systematic review and meta-analysis.EBioMedicine · 2024Pooled it
- Applying an Ethical Lens to the Treatment of People With Multiple Sclerosis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Review
- Multiple sclerosis and autoimmunity: a reappraisal of the evidence.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis: a possible connection through the viral demyelinating neurodegenerative trigger (vDENT).Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Article
- Cladribine treatment improves cortical network functionality in a mouse model of autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Depletion of B7-H4 from C3H10 T1/2 Mesenchymal Stem Cells Attenuates their Immunomodulatory Therapy in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Mice.Neurotoxicity research · 2022Article
- Impact of histone modifier-induced protection against autoimmune encephalomyelitis on multiple sclerosis treatment.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
- Autoreactive lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis: Pathogenesis and treatment target.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Extracellular vesicles (exosomes and ectosomes) play key roles in the pathology of brain diseases.Molecular biomedicine · 2021Review
- Review
- High-Throughput Screening Platforms in the Discovery of Novel Drugs for Neurodegenerative Diseases.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Translational Block in Stroke: A Constructive and "Out-of-the-Box" Reappraisal.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the past decades, multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment has experienced vast changes resulting from major advances in disease-modifying therapies (DMT). Looking at the overall number of studies, investigations with therapeutic advantages and encouraging results are exceeded by studies of promising compounds that failed due to either negative or inconclusive results or have been interrupted for other reasons. Importantly, these failed clinical trials are informative experiments that can help us to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying MS. In several trials, concepts taken from experimental models were not translatable to humans, although they did not lack a well-considered pathophysiological rationale. The lessons learned from these discrepancies may benefit future studies and reduce the risks for patients. This review summarizes trials on MS since 2015 that have either failed or have been interrupted for various reasons. We identify potential causes of failure or inconclusiveness, looking at the path from basic animal experiments to clinical trials, and discuss the implications for our current view on MS pathogenesis, clinical practice, and future study designs. We focus on anti-inflammatory treatment strategies, without including studies on already approved and effective DMT. Clinical trials addressing neuroprotective and alternative treatment strategies are presented in a separate article.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.