ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2021
Timing of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation and Risk of Cancer Among Persons Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Early antiretroviral therapy and long-term cancer risk in HIV: 9-year outcomes from the START randomized trial.BMC cancer · 2026Trial
- New to cohort, not new to care: leveraging historical data in HIV clinical cohorts in the United States.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Paracrine signals from HIV-1-infected immune cells reprogram cervical cancer pathways.iScience · 2026Article
- A proimmunotoxin nanodrug targeting AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Article
- Review
- Prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for dermatologic conditions in people with HIV in the modern antiretroviral era: A cohort study in Washington, DC.Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · 2026Article
- HIV-driven tumor ecosystem: from chronic immune dysfunction to cancer evolution.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Cancer immunotherapy clinical trials to support urgently needed access in low- and middle-income countries: a report from the SITC global access and impact committee.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Review
- Deciphering long-term immune effects of HIV-1/SARS-CoV-2 co-infection: a longitudinal study.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2024Article
- Plasmablastic lymphoma: current knowledge and future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Risk indicators for oral ulcers among people living with HIV during the first wave of the pandemic: a cross sectional study.BMC oral health · 2023Article
- COVID-19 Outcomes and Risk Factors Among People Living with HIV.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Review
- Nationwide population-based incidence of cancer among patients with HIV/AIDS in South Korea.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Room to Grow: The Need for Cancer Site-Specific Research Into Biomarkers of Aging and Immunity in People With HIV.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2022Article
- Epidemiology of Kaposi's Sarcoma.Cancers · 2021Review
- Chronic viral hepatitis, HIV infection and Non-Hodgkin lymphomas in West Africa, a case-control study.International journal of cancer · 2021Article
- Associations Between Plasma Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Ribonucleic Acid Levels and Incidence of Invasive Cancer in People With HIV After Initiation of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy.Open forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
- A prediction model of outcome of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia based on laboratory findings.Scientific reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
28 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPersons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH) experience a high burden of cancer. It remains unknown which cancer types are reduced in PLWH with earlier initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART).
methodsWe evaluated AIDS-free, ART-naive PLWH during 1996-2014 from 22 cohorts participating in the North American AIDS Cohort Collaboration on Research and Design. PLWH were followed from first observed CD4 of 350-500 cells/µL (baseline) until incident cancer, death, lost-to-follow-up, or December 2014. Outcomes included 6 cancer groups and 5 individual cancers that were confirmed by chart review or cancer registry linkage. We evaluated the effect of earlier (in the first 6 months after baseline) versus deferred ART initiation on cancer risk. Marginal structural models were used with inverse probability weighting to account for time-dependent confounding and informative right-censoring, with weights informed by subject's age, sex, cohort, baseline year, race/ethnicity, HIV transmission risk, smoking, viral hepatitis, CD4, and AIDS diagnoses.
resultsProtective results for earlier ART were found for any cancer (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], .37-.86), AIDS-defining cancers (HR 0.23; 95% CI, .11-.49), any virus-related cancer (HR 0.30; 95% CI, .16-.54), Kaposi sarcoma (HR 0.25; 95% CI, .10-.61), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (HR 0.22; 95% CI, .06-.73). By 15 years, there was also an observed reduced risk with earlier ART for virus-related NADCs (0.6% vs 2.3%; adjusted risk difference -1.6; 95% CI, -2.8, -.5).
conclusionsEarlier ART initiation has potential to reduce the burden of virus-related cancers in PLWH but not non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) without known or suspected viral etiology.
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