Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32784898›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020

Children's Anxiety and Factors Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Study Using the Children's Anxiety Questionnaire and the Numerical Rating Scale.

Marla Andréia Garcia de Avila, Pedro Tadao Hamamoto Filho, Francine Letícia da Silva Jacob, Léia Regina Souza Alcantara, Malin Berghammer, Margaretha Jenholt Nolbris, Patricia Olaya-Contreras, Stefan Nilsson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
68citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

68 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Trial
  6. ABA-based teacher training reduces emotional and behavioral problems in Brazilian children.Psicologia, reflexao e critica : revista semestral do Departamento de Psicologia da UFRGS · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
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  9. Review
  10. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on multicultural families with food allergy.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
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  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Assessment of anxiety in children during the COVID-19 pandemic.Annals of the Child Neurology Society · 2024
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Marla Andréia Garcia de AvilaDepartment of Nursing, Botucatu Medical School-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-6652-4427
Pedro Tadao Hamamoto FilhoDepartment of Neurology, Botucatu Medical School-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-6436-9307
Francine Letícia da Silva JacobDepartment of Nursing, Botucatu Medical School-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil.
Léia Regina Souza AlcantaraDepartment of Nursing, Botucatu Medical School-UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-7847-4810
Malin BerghammerInstitute of Health Sciences, University West, 461 86 Trollhättan, Sweden.
Margaretha Jenholt NolbrisThe Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, 416 50 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Patricia Olaya-ContrerasInstitute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Stefan NilssonInstitute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-Centred Care, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-8847-9559

Funding

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo 2019/05294-9
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's lives deserve attention. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anxiety among Brazilian children and its associated factors during social distancing during COVID-19. We used a cross-sectional design with an online survey from April to May 2020 in Brazil. We included children aged 6-12 years and their guardians. The Children's Anxiety Questionnaire (CAQ; scores 4-12) and the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS; scores 0-10) were used to measure anxiety. We enrolled 157 girls and 132 boys, with a mean age of 8.84 (±2.05) years; 88.9% of respondents were mothers. Based on CAQ ≥ 9, the prevalence of anxiety was 19.4% (n = 56), and higher among children with parents with essential jobs and those who were social distancing without parents. In logistic regression, the following variables were associated with higher CAQ scores: social distancing without parents; more persons living together in home; and education level of guardians. Based on NRS > 7, the prevalence of anxiety was 21.8% (n = 63); however, no associations with NRS scores were found with the investigated variables. These findings suggest the necessity of implementing public health actions targeting these parents and their children at the population level.

Indexed as

AnxietyBetacoronavirusBrazilChildCoronavirus InfectionsCOVID-19Cross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansLogistic ModelsMaleMothersPandemicsParentsPneumonia, ViralPrevalenceanxietychildrenCovid-19pandemicsocial isolation

Identifiers

PMID32784898
PMCPMC7459447

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.