ArticleHypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)2020
Association of Resting Heart Rate With Blood Pressure and Incident Hypertension Over 30 Years in Black and White Adults: The CARDIA Study.
Article in Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk of Incident New-Onset Arterial Hypertension After COVID-19 Recovery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy of mental and physical training on blood pressure and resting heart rate among physically inactive young adults with elevated blood pressure: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- The association between cardiac vagal activity and urinary catecholamine: Investigating the effect of race and sex.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- High Heart Rate and Hypertension: Two Intertwined Cardiovascular Risk Factors.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2025Article
- Association Between Resting Heart Rate and the Risk of Incident Hypertension Among Older Chinese Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2025Article
- Machine learning based, subject-specific, gender and race independent, non-invasive estimation of the arterial blood pressure.NPJ cardiovascular health · 2025Article
- Resting Heart Rate and Associations With Clinical Measures From the Project Baseline Health Study: Observational Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Observational
- Relatively lower BMI-adjusted calf circumference is associated with metabolically unhealthy phenotype in non-obese adults: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- TheU-shape association between on-admission resting heart rate and 60-day all-cause mortality of AIDS inpatients in Fujian China: a retrospective cohort study.AIDS research and therapy · 2024Article
- Resting heart rate associations with violence exposure and posttraumatic stress symptoms: sex differences in children.Biology of sex differences · 2024Article
- Resting heart rate is associated with the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Korean adult: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Association between resting heart rate and low natural killer cell activity: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Evolution of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Post-COVID Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Observational and genetic evidence support a relationship between cardiac autonomic function and blood pressure.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Article
- Can heart rate variability be a bio-index of hope? A pilot study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Relationship Between Resting Heart Rate and Microalbuminuria in Adults With Hypertension: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009-2018.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Article
- Systemic administration of choline acetyltransferase decreases blood pressure in murine hypertension.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2021Article
- Regional differences in office and self-measured home heart rates in Asian hypertensive patients: AsiaBP@Home study.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Few studies have assessed the association of resting heart rate (RHR) through young adulthood with incident hypertension by middle age. We investigated the association between RHR measured over 30 years with incident hypertension in a cohort of young Black and White men and women. A joint longitudinal time-to-event model consisting of a mixed random effects submodel, quadratic in follow-up time, and a survival submodel adjusted for confounders, was used to determine hazard ratios for a 10 bpm higher RHR. Race-sex specific effects were examined in a single joint model that included interactions of race-sex groups with longitudinal RHR. Out of 5115 participants enrolled in year 0 (1985-1986), after excluding prevalent cases of hypertension at baseline, 1615 men and 2273 women were included in the analytic cohort. Hypertension event rates per 1000 person-years were 42.5 and 25.7 in Black and White men, respectively, and 36.2 and 15.3 in Black and White women, respectively. The hazard ratios for a 10 bpm higher RHR were 1.47 (95% CI, 1.23-1.75), 1.51 (95% CI, 1.28-1.78), 1.48 (95% CI, 1.26-1.73), and 1.02, (95% CI, 0.89-1.17) for Black men, White men, White women, and Black women, respectively. Higher RHR during young adulthood is associated with a greater risk of incident hypertension by middle age. The association is similarly strong in Black men, White men, and White women, but absent in Black women, which may suggest racial differences in the effect of sympathetic nervous activity on hypertension among women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.