SynthesisBrain and behavior2020
Anti-LGI1, anti-GABABR, and Anti-CASPR2 encephalitides in Asia: A systematic review.
Synthesis in Brain and behavior, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Contactin-associated protein-like 2 antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis in children: case reports and systematic review of literature.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2023Pooled it
- Clinical Features and Therapeutic Effects of Anti-leucine-rich Glioma Inactivated 1 Encephalitis: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Anti-LGI1, anti-GABABR, and Anti-CASPR2 encephalitides in Asia: A systematic review.Brain and behavior · 2020Pooled it
- CASPR2 antibody-related neurological syndromes in children: three cases report and literature review.BMC pediatrics · 2026Review
- Differentiation between anti-CASPR2 encephalitis with initial psychiatric symptoms and primary psychiatric disorders, and a diagnostic prediction model: a prospective descriptive study.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Ictal cold shiver caused by autoimmune limbic encephalitis: A case report and literature review.Epilepsy & behavior reports · 2025Article
- Clinical, Electroencephalogram and Imaging Characteristics of Patients With Anti-LGI1 Antibody Encephalitis: A Multicenter Cohort Study.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Electroencephalographic biomarkers of antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitis.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Article
- Features of the clinical course of Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated with various antibodies.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Observational
- Resolution of anti-LGI1-associated autoimmune encephalitis in a patient after treatment with efgartigimod.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Analysis of the functional role and mRNA expression of GABA B R in the nucleus accumbens of cocaine-addicted rats.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2024Article
- Leucine-rich Glioma Inactivated 1 (LGI-1) Limbic Encephalitis Presenting with Psychotic Symptoms without Seizures: A Case Report with Five-year Follow-up and Review of Literature.Indian journal of psychological medicine · 2024Article
- Autoimmune encephalitis: what the radiologist needs to know.Neuroradiology · 2024Review
- Comparative Study of Paraneoplastic and Nonparaneoplastic Autoimmune Encephalitis With GABANeurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Anti-leucine-rich Glioma-inactivated 1 Protein-antibody Positive Encephalitis with Extensive Unilateral Cerebral Cortex and White Matter Lesions.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2024Article
- Clinical characteristics and prognosis analysis of acute symptomatic seizures secondary to autoimmune encephalitis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Innovation and optimization in autoimmune encephalitis trials: the design and rationale for the Phase 3, randomized study of satralizumab in patients with NMDAR-IgG-antibody-positive or LGI1-IgG-antibody-positive autoimmune encephalitis (CIELO).Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Case report: Overlapping syndrome of MOG-IgG associated optic neuritis and autoimmune encephalitis with co-existence of anti-NMDAR and anti-GABAFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- CSF Findings in Chinese Patients with NMDAR, LGI1 and GABABR Antibody-Associated Encephalitis.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimWe aim to review the literature to collate and describe features of encephalitides arising from autoantibodies against leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1), gamma aminobutyric acid receptor (GABABR), and contactin-associated protein-like 2 (CASPR2) in Asian populations and compare them with findings of Western studies.
methodsPeer-reviewed articles published till 24 May 2020 were searched, and original, full-text studies from Asia with serum/CSF antibody-based diagnosis and at least 2 patients were selected. Twenty-four studies with 263 patients (139 anti-LGI1, 114 anti-GAGABR, and 10 anti-CASPR2) were included. Data were pooled to produce descriptive information on demographics, clinical characteristics, diagnostics, treatments, and outcome.
resultsThe mean age was 54.2 (anti-LGI1), 55.2 (anti-GABABR), and 47.7 years (anti-CASPR2), with an overall male predominance of 62.0%. Commonest clinical features across all types were seizures (87.5%), memory deficits (80.7%), psychiatric disturbances (75.9%), and altered consciousness (52.9%). Four anti-LGI1, 40 anti-GABABR, and 1 anti-CASPR2 patients had tumors. CSF, MRI, and EEG were abnormal in 33.3%, 54.1%, and 75% patients in anti-LGI1; 60.0%, 49.6%, and 85.7% in anti-GABABR; and 50%, 44.4%, and 100% in anti-CASPR2 patients, respectively. 95.6% patients received first-line therapy alone (steroids/IVIG/Plasma therapy), and 4.4% received second-line therapy (rituximab/cyclophosphamide). 91.7%, 63.6%, and 70% of patients had favorable outcomes (modified Rankin Score 0-2) with mortality rates at 2.5%, 23.2%, and 0% in the three types, respectively.
conclusionOur findings suggest that these disorders present in Asian patients at a relatively young age often with features of seizures, memory deficits, and psychiatric disturbances and usually demonstrate a favorable clinical outcome.
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