ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2021
Constitutive immune mechanisms: mediators of host defence and immune regulation.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 196 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
196 citing papers in PubMed, 342 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of the mitophagy inducer urolithin A on age-related immune decline: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.Nature aging · 2025Trial
- Myrica esculenta fruit extract as a nutraceutical supplement mitigating LPS-induced inflammation through COX-2 and iNOS modulation: integrated in vitro, in vivo, and docking approaches.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
- Superantigens in Cancer Immunotherapy: Mechanisms, Engineering Strategies, and Therapeutic Potential.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Review
- Reversing Macrophage Immunometabolic Dysfunction in Prolonged Infections Via a Glutaminolysis-Fueled Restoration-Based Hierarchically Selective Therapeutic System.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Next-Generation Biomaterials for Hard Tissue Regeneration: Balancing Biofunctionality, Biomimetic Mechanics, and Antimicrobial Resistance.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Innate immunity: current understandings and future perspectives.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Changes to Skin Microbiome Community Dynamics Support Resistance to Enzootic and Epizootic Strains of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) in the Spotted Salamander (Ambystoma maculatum).Molecular ecology · 2026Article
- Constitutive and inducible fibrosis explain immune variation among threespine stickleback populations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Varicella zoster virus and the central nervous system.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Immune Factors Linked to Long-Term HCV Humoral Memory Five Years After Cure in People with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Multilabel prediction of virus target proteins via multimodal graph representation learning.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- An SP110-SP100 axis is a critical regulator of promyelocytic leukaemia body dynamics and mitotic fidelity.Nature cell biology · 2026Article
- What Is-and What Is Not-Immunogenic Cell Death? Functional Definitions, Experimental Standards, and Common Pitfalls.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Defective RNA Polymerase III sensing of mitochondrial DNA in pulmonary epithelial cells impairs type I IFN immunity to SARS-CoV-2.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Crosslinked ionizable lipids reprogram dendritic cell metabolism for potent mRNA vaccination.Nature materials · 2026Article
- Restraint of Powassan virus replication by TRIM5α facilitates viral avoidance of antiviral immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Cis-aconitate therapy protects against influenza mortality by dual targeting of viral polymerase and ERK/AKT/NF-κB signaling.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Walking the tightrope: Balancing immune checkpoints and their inhibitors in host defence against bacterial infections.Journal of applied biomedicine · 2026Review
- Quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics reveal glucocorticoid stimulation of TLR and Rho GTPase signaling in neutrophil-like cells.Genome biology · 2026Article
- Article
136 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The immune system enables organisms to combat infections and to eliminate endogenous challenges. Immune responses can be evoked through diverse inducible pathways. However, various constitutive mechanisms are also required for immunocompetence. The inducible responses of pattern recognition receptors of the innate immune system and antigen-specific receptors of the adaptive immune system are highly effective, but they also have the potential to cause extensive immunopathology and tissue damage, as seen in many infectious and autoinflammatory diseases. By contrast, constitutive innate immune mechanisms, including restriction factors, basal autophagy and proteasomal degradation, tend to limit immune responses, with loss-of-function mutations in these pathways leading to inflammation. Although they function through a broad and heterogeneous set of mechanisms, the constitutive immune responses all function as early barriers to infection and aim to minimize any disruption of homeostasis. Supported by recent human and mouse data, in this Review we compare and contrast the inducible and constitutive mechanisms of immunosurveillance.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.