ArticleJournal of the Royal Society, Interface2020
The evolution of trust and trustworthiness.
Article in Journal of the Royal Society, Interface, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Language-based game theory in the age of artificial intelligence.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2024Pooled it
- Selfish and prosocial individuals both distort their actions' impact, but selfish distortions can be more contagious.Nature human behaviour · 2026Article
- Bet-hedging via Kelly betting in a limited environment leads to logistic growth in the Game of Fitness.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Determinants of Trust: Evidence from Elementary School Classrooms.Journal of Intelligence · 2025Article
- Higher-order interactions shape collective human behaviour.Nature human behaviour · 2025Review
- Drivers of cooperation in social dilemmas on higher-order networks.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025Article
- Evolutionary dynamics of trust in hierarchical populations with varying investment strategies.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025Article
- Cooperative bots exhibit nuanced effects on cooperation across strategic frameworks.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025Article
- Directed reciprocity subverts cooperation in highly adaptive populations.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Small bots, big impact: solving the conundrum of cooperation in optional Prisoner's Dilemma game through simple strategies.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2023Article
- Generic catastrophic poverty when selfish investors exploit a degradable common resource.Royal Society open science · 2023Article
- Optimization of institutional incentives for cooperation in structured populations.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2023Article
- Evolution of cooperation and trust in an N-player social dilemma game with tags for migration decisions.Royal Society open science · 2022Article
- Artificial intelligence development races in heterogeneous settings.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Effects of sex and sex-related facial traits on trust and trustworthiness: An experimental study.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Facial threat affects trust more strongly than facial attractiveness in women than it does in men.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Human infants can override possessive tendencies to share valued items with others.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- An epidemiological model with voluntary quarantine strategies governed by evolutionary game dynamics.Chaos, solitons, and fractals · 2021Article
- Mathematical foundations of moral preferences.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Trust and trustworthiness form the basis for continued social and economic interactions, and they are also fundamental for cooperation, fairness, honesty, and indeed for many other forms of prosocial and moral behaviour. However, trust entails risks, and building a trustworthy reputation requires effort. So how did trust and trustworthiness evolve, and under which conditions do they thrive? To find answers, we operationalize trust and trustworthiness using the trust game with the trustor's investment and the trustee's return of the investment as the two key parameters. We study this game on different networks, including the complete network, random and scale-free networks, and in the well-mixed limit. We show that in all but one case, the network structure has little effect on the evolution of trust and trustworthiness. Specifically, for well-mixed populations, lattices, random and scale-free networks, we find that trust never evolves, while trustworthiness evolves with some probability depending on the game parameters and the updating dynamics. Only for the scale-free network with degree non-normalized dynamics, we find parameter values for which trust evolves but trustworthiness does not, as well as values for which both trust and trustworthiness evolve. We conclude with a discussion about mechanisms that could lead to the evolution of trust and outline directions for future work.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.