ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020
Secondhand Smoke Correlates with Elevated Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and Has a Synergistic Effect with Physical Inactivity on Increasing Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Community-Based Case Control Study.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Study of Thyroid Function Tests and Inflammatory Markers (White Blood Cell Count and High-sensitivity C-reactive Protein) in Prediabetic Patients at Tertiary Care Center.Annals of African medicine · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of a theory-based tailored individual and family self-management education in adults with uncontrolled diabetes: A randomized controlled trial.International journal of nursing sciences · 2025Article
- Health effects associated with exposure to secondhand smoke: a Burden of Proof study.Nature medicine · 2024Article
- Psychometric Testing of the Bahasa Version of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire among Indonesians with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Association Between Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and Gestational Diabetes-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2021Review
- Second-Hand Smoke and Its Synergistic Effect with a Body-Mass Index of >24.9 kg/mInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Secondhand smoke (SHS) and physical inactivity are thought to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but the synergistic effect of SHS with physical inactivity and their relationships with T2DM-associated inflammation biomarkers have not been estimated. We investigated the roles of SHS exposure and physical inactivity and their synergistic effect on T2DM risk and their relationships with T2DM associated inflammation biomarkers, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and white blood cells (WBCs). A case-control study was conducted in total 588 participants (294 case T2DM and 294 healthy controls) from five community clinics in Indonesia. Participants completed a standardized questionnaire on demographic information, smoking status, physical activity habits and food consumption. WBCs and NLR levels were determined using an automated hematology analyzer. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed using multiple logistic regression model. The synergistic effect was analyzed using additive interaction for logistic regression. Physical inactive people exposed to SHS exhibited a synergistically increased 7.78-fold risk of T2DM compared with people who were not exposed to SHS and who were physically active. SHS is significantly correlated with a high NLR, WBCs and has a synergistic effect with physical inactivity on increasing susceptibility to T2DM.
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Registered trials
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