ReviewCancers2020
Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Risk of Endometrial Cancer: A Systematic Review.
Review in Cancers, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sensitive detection of unopposed estrogen using estrogen receptor functionalized nanoprobes for cancer diagnosis.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Histological signatures of hormone replacement therapy in the endometrium.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- The multisystem impact of perimenopausal hormonal fluctuations on chronic disease risk.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Endometrial thickness and pathology in postmenopausal women with bleeding on transdermal 17β-estradiol plus body-identical progesterone.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2025Article
- Adapted Exosomes for Addressing Chemotherapy-induced Premature Ovarian Insufficiency.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2025Article
- Inflammation-driven mechanisms in endometrial cancer: pathways from inflammatory microenvironment remodeling to immune escape.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Menopause in gynecologic cancer survivors: evidence for decision-making.Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia · 2025Review
- Association Between Dietary Taste Preferences and Primary Ovarian Insufficiency: A Mendelian Randomization Study.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- Endometrial Atypical Hyperplasia and Risk of Endometrial Cancer.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- The risk of endocrine interventions in carriers of a genetic predisposition for breast and gynecologic cancers: recommendations of the German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2024Review
- Androgen-responsive FOXP4 is a target for endometrial carcinoma.Communications biology · 2024Article
- The global incidence, mortality, and burden of uterine cancer in 2019 and correlation with SDI, tobacco, dietary risks, and metabolic risk factors: An ecological study.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Optimizing Outcomes through a Multidisciplinary Team Approach in Endometrial Cancer.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Endometrial Cancer. Guideline of the DGGG, DKG and DKH (S3-Level, AWMF Registry Number 032/034-OL, September 2022). Part 1 with Recommendations on the Epidemiology, Screening, Diagnosis and Hereditary Factors of Endometrial Cancer, Geriatric Assessment and Supply Structures.Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2023Article
- Review
- Use of menopausal hormone therapy and ovarian cancer risk in a French cohort study.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2023Article
- Jin-Tian-Ge ameliorates ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats and modulates osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in vitro.Chinese medicine · 2022Article
- Risk assessment for endometrial cancer in women with abnormal vaginal bleeding: Results from the prospective IETA-1 cohort study.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2022Observational
- Genistein Regulates Lipid Metabolism via Estrogen Receptor β and Its Downstream Signal Akt/mTOR in HepG2 Cells.Nutrients · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMenopausal hormone therapy (MHT) is an appropriate treatment for women with the climacteric syndrome. The estrogen component of MHT effectively alleviates climacteric symptoms but also stimulates the endometrium and thus may increase the risk of endometrial cancer (EC). MATERIALS AND
methodsWe performed a systematic literature search of the databases PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify controlled and uncontrolled clinical trials reporting on the prevalence and/or incidence of EC among women using MHT.
results31 publications reporting on 21,306 women with EC diagnosed during or after MHT were identified. A significantly reduced risk of EC among continuous-combined (cc)MHT users with synthetic progestins (SPs) was demonstrated in 10/19 studies with odds ratios (ORs)/hazard ratios (HRs) between 0.24 and 0.71. Only one study documented an increased risk of EC among long-term users (≥10 years), not confirmed in three other sub-group analyses of women with ≥6, ≥5, and >10 years of ccMHT use. A significantly increased risk of EC among users of sequential-combined (sc)MHT with SPs was demonstrated in 6/12 studies with ORs/HRs between 1.38 and 4.35. Number of days of progestin per month was a significant modulator of EC risk. A decreased risk of EC was seen in obese women. Two studies documented an increased risk of EC among users of cc/scMHT with micronized progesterone. A significantly increased risk of EC among estrogen-only MHT users was demonstrated in 9/12 studies with ORs/HRs between 1.45 and 4.46. The adverse effect of estrogen-only MHT was greatest among obese women.
conclusionccMHT with SPs reduces the risk of EC, whereas estrogen-only MHT increases the risk. scMHT with SPs and cc/scMHT with micronized progesterone increase the risk of EC depending on type of progestin, progestin dosage, and duration of MHT use.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.