ReviewAlcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire)2020
Mechanisms of Alcohol Addiction: Bridging Human and Animal Studies.
Review in Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Functional remodeling of the parasubthalamic nucleus drives alcohol drinking escalation in dependence.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Network structure of non-suicidal self-injury, alcohol and food addiction, and motivation in bus drivers.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- A history of addiction through the six editions of Kandel'sFrontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Review
- "General Addiction Liability" Revisited.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2025Article
- Activity of exoglycosidases in blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and vitreous humor in individuals who died from ethyl alcohol poisoning.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- DNA Sequence Variations Affecting Serotonin Transporter Transcriptional Regulation and Activity: Do They Impact Alcohol Addiction?International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Mouse parasubthalamicbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Alcohol milestones and internalizing, externalizing, and executive function: longitudinal and polygenic score associations.Psychological medicine · 2024Article
- A Complex Interplay between Nutrition and Alcohol use Disorder: Implications for Breaking the Vicious Cycle.Current pharmaceutical design · 2024Review
- Correlation analysis of mental health conditions and personality of patients with alcohol addiction.World journal of psychiatry · 2023Article
- Review
- The Effects of Ethanol and Acetic acid on Behaviour of Extranidal Workers of the Narrow-Headed AntAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Conflicting theories on addiction aetiology and the strengths and limitations of substance use disorder disease modelling.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Review
- Proposing an integrative, dynamic and transdiagnostic model for addictions: dysregulation phenomena of the three main modes of the predostatic mind.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Comorbidity of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorder: Animal Models and Associated Neurocircuitry.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimThe purpose of this brief narrative review is to address the complexities and benefits of extending animal alcohol addiction research to the human domain, emphasizing Allostasis and Incentive Sensitization, two models that inform many pre-clinical and clinical studies.
methodsThe work reviewed includes a range of approaches, including: a) animal and human studies that target the biology of craving and compulsive consumption; b) human investigations that utilize alcohol self-administration and alcohol challenge paradigms, in some cases across 10 years; c) questionnaires that document changes in the positive and negative reinforcing effects of alcohol with increasing severity of addiction; and d) genomic structural equation modeling based on data from animal and human studies.
resultsSeveral general themes emerge from specific study findings. First, positive reinforcement is characteristic of early stage addiction and sometimes diminishes with increasing severity, consistent with both Allostasis and Incentive Sensitization. Second, evidence is less consistent for the predominance of negative reinforcement in later stages of addiction, a key tenant of Allostasis. Finally, there are important individual differences in motivation to drink at a given point in time as well as person-specific change patterns across time.
conclusionsKey constructs of addiction, like stage and reinforcement, are by necessity operationalized differently in animal and human studies. Similarly, testing the validity of addiction models requires different strategies by the two research domains. Although such differences are challenging, they are not insurmountable, and there is much to be gained in understanding and treating addiction by combining pre-clinical and clinical approaches.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.