Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32781465›Full record

ArticleMolecular biology and evolution2021

An Unbiased Molecular Approach Using 3'-UTRs Resolves the Avian Family-Level Tree of Life.

Heiner Kuhl, Carolina Frankl-Vilches, Antje Bakker, Gerald Mayr, Gerhard Nikolaus, Stefan T Boerno, Sven Klages, Bernd Timmermann, Manfred Gahr

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular biology and evolution, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
66citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

66 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  3. Genomic Distortion of Jawed Vertebrate Phylogeny.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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  12. Widespread variation inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Accurate, scalable, and fully automated inference of species trees from raw genome assemblies using ROADIES.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
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  18. Article
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  20. Article

6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Heiner KuhlDepartment of Behavioural Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany.
Carolina Frankl-VilchesDepartment of Behavioural Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany.
Antje BakkerDepartment of Behavioural Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany.
Gerald MayrOrnithological Section, Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Gerhard NikolausDepartment of Behavioural Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany.
Stefan T BoernoMax Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Sequencing Core Facility, Berlin, Germany.
Sven KlagesMax Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Sequencing Core Facility, Berlin, Germany.
Bernd TimmermannMax Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Sequencing Core Facility, Berlin, Germany.
Manfred GahrDepartment of Behavioural Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Presumably, due to a rapid early diversification, major parts of the higher-level phylogeny of birds are still resolved controversially in different analyses or are considered unresolvable. To address this problem, we produced an avian tree of life, which includes molecular sequences of one or several species of ∼90% of the currently recognized family-level taxa (429 species, 379 genera) including all 106 family-level taxa of the nonpasserines and 115 of the passerines (Passeriformes). The unconstrained analyses of noncoding 3-prime untranslated region (3'-UTR) sequences and those of coding sequences yielded different trees. In contrast to the coding sequences, the 3'-UTR sequences resulted in a well-resolved and stable tree topology. The 3'-UTR contained, unexpectedly, transcription factor binding motifs that were specific for different higher-level taxa. In this tree, grebes and flamingos are the sister clade of all other Neoaves, which are subdivided into five major clades. All nonpasserine taxa were placed with robust statistical support including the long-time enigmatic hoatzin (Opisthocomiformes), which was found being the sister taxon of the Caprimulgiformes. The comparatively late radiation of family-level clades of the songbirds (oscine Passeriformes) contrasts with the attenuated diversification of nonpasseriform taxa since the early Miocene. This correlates with the evolution of vocal production learning, an important speciation factor, which is ancestral for songbirds and evolved convergent only in hummingbirds and parrots. As 3'-UTR-based phylotranscriptomics resolved the avian family-level tree of life, we suggest that this procedure will also resolve the all-species avian tree of life.

Indexed as

3' Untranslated RegionsPhylogenyAnimalsBirds3' Untranslated Regions3′-UTRbioinformaticsbirdsphylogeneticstranscriptomesvocal learning

Identifiers

PMID32781465
PMCPMC7783168

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.