ArticleJCI insight2020
Electroconvulsive stimulation attenuates chronic neuroinflammation.
Article in JCI insight, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- (Ba,Ca)(Ti,Sn)OFrontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Neurobiological Mechanisms of Electroconvulsive Therapy: Molecular Perspectives of Brain Stimulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Immunity in neuromodulation: probing neural and immune pathways in brain disorders.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- Glia as a New Target for Therapeutic Actions of Electroconvulsive Therapy.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Flow-cytometric analysis of immune cell populations in patients with depression: relationship with depression severity and electroconvulsive therapy therapeutic outcomes.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2025Article
- Electroconvulsive therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: clinical efficacy and predictive role of inflammatory markers.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- New insights into the mechanisms of electroconvulsive therapy in treatment-resistant depression.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- The interplay of inflammation and remyelination: rethinking MS treatment with a focus on oligodendrocyte progenitor cells.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2024Review
- Mechanism of Action of ECT in Depression.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2024Review
- Article
- Neuroinflammation mechanisms of neuromodulation therapies for anxiety and depression.Translational psychiatry · 2023Review
- Catatonia in autism and other neurodevelopmental disabilities: a state-of-the-art review.Npj mental health research · 2022Review
- ROS-Targeted Depression Therapy via BSA-Incubated Ceria Nanoclusters.Nano letters · 2022Article
- Article
- Microglia and their LAG3 checkpoint underlie the antidepressant and neurogenesis-enhancing effects of electroconvulsive stimulation.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Article
- Microbial pathogens induce neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease mice: protection by microglial regulation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Clozapine: Why Is It So Uniquely Effective in the Treatment of a Range of Neuropsychiatric Disorders?Biomolecules · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Electroconvulsive therapy is highly effective in resistant depression by unknown mechanisms. Microglial toxicity was suggested to mediate depression and plays key roles in neuroinflammatory and degenerative diseases, where there is critical shortage in therapies. We examined the effects of electroconvulsive seizures (ECS) on chronic neuroinflammation and microglial neurotoxicity. Electric brain stimulation inducing full tonic-clonic seizures during chronic relapsing-progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) reduced spinal immune cell infiltration, reduced myelin and axonal loss, and prevented clinical deterioration. Using the transfer EAE model, we examined the effect of ECS on systemic immune response in donor mice versus ECS effect on CNS innate immune activity in recipient mice. ECS did not affect encephalitogenicity of systemic T cells, but it targeted the CNS directly to inhibit T cell-induced neuroinflammation. In vivo and ex vivo assays indicated that ECS suppressed microglial neurotoxicity by reducing inducible NOS expression, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and by reducing CNS oxidative stress. Microglia from ECS-treated EAE mice expressed less T cell stimulatory and chemoattractant factors. Our findings indicate that electroconvulsive therapy targets the CNS innate immune system to reduce neuroinflammation by attenuating microglial neurotoxicity. These findings signify a potentially novel therapeutic approach for chronic neuroinflammatory, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.