ReviewThe FEBS journal2021
A guide to: generation and design of nanobodies.
Review in The FEBS journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 186 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
186 citing papers in PubMed, 329 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Article
- Mechanistic interpretability of fine-tuned protein language models for nanobody thermostability prediction.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Nanobodies Open New Avenues in Cancer Treatment: From Molecular Engineering to Therapeutic Platforms.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Review
- Intracellular protein binders for imaging, control and future therapeutics.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Review
- A Picomolar MBP-Binding Nanobody for Target Enrichment and Modular Complex Engineering.ACS bio & med chem Au · 2026Article
- Engineering Antivenom: Research Progress and Future Directions in Snakebite Envenoming Therapy.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2026Review
- Nanobodies targeting SARS-CoV-2 variants.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Multivalent antibody-based conjugates as new tools for tailored modulation of G protein-coupled receptors.British journal of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Balancing Stealth and Targetability: cCPP- and PEG-Modified Liposomes for the Targeted Delivery of Anti-HER2 Nanobodies.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Translational opportunities in aptamer and nanobody lateral flow assays within the WHO REASSURED framework.Sensors & diagnostics · 2026Review
- High-Throughput Isolation of Nanomouse-Derived VHH Domains: A Practical Guide from Immunization to Nanobody Expression.Current protocols · 2026Article
- Rational Design and Characterization of a Mutated Nanobody for Specific Targeting of Heparan Sulfate.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Promise of Single-Domain Antibodies as Ocular Therapeutics: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Workflow for Comparative Analysis of Nanobody Variants Binding to Lysozyme as a Model Ligand.Current protocols · 2026Article
- Molecular dynamics simulations along with the synthesis of innovative engineered nanobodies targeting Interleukin-2.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- From Phage Display to Yeast Secretion: Developing Fc-Fused Nanobodies Against Influenza Virus.Cells · 2026Article
- More tools to uncover cancer cells.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Engineering programmable CAR and antigen pairing via drug-gated light activation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Identification and Nonclinical Characterization of SAR444200, a Novel Anti-GPC3 NANOBODY T-cell Engager, for the Treatment of GPC3+ Solid Tumors.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2026Article
126 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A nanobody (Nb) is a registered trademark of Ablynx, referring to the single antigen-binding domain of heavy chain-only antibodies (HCAbs) that are circulating in Camelidae. Nbs are produced recombinantly in micro-organisms and employed as research tools or for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. They were - and still are - also named single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) or variable domain of the heavy chain of HCAbs (VHH). A variety of methods are currently in use for the fast and efficient generation of target-specific Nbs. Such Nbs are produced at low cost and associate with high affinity to their cognate antigen. They are robust, strictly monomeric and easy to tailor into more complex entities to meet the requirements of their application. Here, we review the various sources and different strategies that have been developed to identify rapidly, target-specific Nbs. We further discuss a variety of engineering technologies that have been explored to broaden the application range of Nbs and summarise those applications where designed Nbs might offer a marked advantage over other affinity reagents.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.