ArticleParasites & vectors2020
Distribution and prevalence of ticks and tick-borne disease on sheep and cattle farms in Great Britain.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Theileria annulata Infection and Rhipicephalus and Hyalomma Tick Infestation in Three Districts of Northern Pakistan.Acta parasitologica · 2026Article
- Running into the Lyme-light: a retrospective cross-sectional study of tick bites and Lyme disease prevalence, incidence, and prevention in hill runners, Scotland, UK.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Ivermectin in veterinary medicine: a narrative review of antiparasitic efficacy, resistance evolution, antiviral evidence, and One Health implications.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Molecular survey and phylogenetic analysis of Borrelia theileri, Rickettsia aeschlimannii, Mycoplasma ovis, and Mycoplasma wenyonii in sheep and goats from southern Egypt.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Presence and genetic variability of Staphylococcus aureus subsp. anaerobius isolated from small ruminants in Central Europe.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Article
- Microscopic and molecular detection of piroplasms among sheep in Upper Egypt.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Surveillance and Risk Analysis for Bovine Babesiosis in England and Wales to Inform Disease Distribution.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Prevalence, seasonal dynamics and associated variables of ixodid tick cattle infestation in Gondar, northwestern Ethiopia.Parasite epidemiology and control · 2023Article
- The Impact of Host Abundance on the Epidemiology of Tick-Borne Infection.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2023Article
- Natural Co-Exposure toLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- High-throughput behavioral phenotyping of tiny arthropods: Chemosensory traits in a mesostigmatic hematophagous mite.Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology · 2023Article
- Detailed new insights about tick infestations in domestic ruminant groups: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2022Review
- One Health Approach to Tick and Tick-Borne Disease Surveillance in the United Kingdom.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Molecular Detection and Characterization ofMicroorganisms · 2022Article
- Epidemiology, Distribution and Identification of Ticks on Livestock in Pakistan.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Potential for online crowdsourced biological recording data to complement surveillance for arthropod vectors.PloS one · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe most abundant and widespread tick species in Great Britain, Ixodes ricinus, is responsible for the transmission of a range of pathogens that cause disease in livestock. Empirical data on tick distribution and prevalence are required to inform farm management strategies. However, such data are largely unavailable; previous surveys have been rare and are usually relatively localised.
methodsA retrospective questionnaire survey of farmers was used to assess the reported prevalence of ticks on livestock across Great Britain. Spatial scan statistics and kernel density maps were used to assess spatial clustering and identify areas of significantly elevated risk, independent of the underlying distribution of respondents. Logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors for tick presence.
resultsTick infection risk to livestock is shown to be spatially aggregated, with areas of significantly elevated risk in north Wales, northwest England and western Scotland. Overall, the prevalence of farms reporting tick presence was 13% for sheep farms and 6% for cattle farms, but in "hot spot" clusters prevalence ranged between 48-100%. The prevalence of farms reporting tick-borne disease overall was 6% for sheep and 2% for cattle, but on farms reporting ticks, prevalence was 44% and 33% for sheep and cattle farms, respectively. Upland farming, larger flock sizes, region and the presence of sheep on cattle farms were all significant risk factors for tick presence.
conclusionsThese data have important implications for assessing both the risk of tick-borne disease in livestock and optimising approaches to disease management. In particular, the study highlights the need for effective livestock tick control in upland regions and the southwest, and provides evidence for the importance of sheep as tick maintenance hosts.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.