ArticlePLoS pathogens2020
Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac toxin requires mutations in two Plutella xylostella ATP-binding cassette transporter paralogs.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Novel Enterobacter strains applied as entomopathogenic insecticides against Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae).Pest management science · 2026Article
- Article
- A second locus associated with high-level resistance to Bt Cry1Ac inApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Knockout of aminopeptidase N3 confers resistance to low concentrations of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry4Ba protoxin in Aedes aegypti.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Review
- Functional redundancy in the toxic pathway of Bt protein Cry1Ab, but not Cry1Fa, against the Asian corn borer.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Interactions between insecticidal cry toxins and their receptors.Current genetics · 2025Review
- CRISPR/Cas Technology in Insect Insecticide Resistance.Insects · 2025Review
- Article
- Knockdown of an ATP-binding cassette transporter in resistant western corn rootworm larvae partially reverses resistance to eCry3.1Ab protein.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Downregulation of APN1 andApplied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Transcriptomic Analysis of the Response of theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Exploratory comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals potential gene targets associated with Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 resistance in fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda).Functional & integrative genomics · 2024Article
- An Orphan Gene Enhances Male Reproductive Success in Plutella xylostella.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Article
- CRISPR-Cas9 knockout of membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase or cadherin does not confer resistance to Cry toxins in Aedes aegypti.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Utilization of Diverse Molecules as Receptors by Cry Toxin and the Promiscuous Nature of Receptor-Binding Sites Which Accounts for the Diversity.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- New Paralogs of theBiomolecules · 2024Article
- Genome Sequence Analysis of NativeToxins · 2024Article
- Article
- Hsp70 and Hsp90 Elaborately Regulate RNAi Efficiency inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is a cosmopolitan pest and the first species to develop field resistance to toxins from the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Although previous work has suggested that mutations of ATP-binding cassette transporter subfamily C2 (ABCC2) or C3 (ABCC3) genes can confer Cry1Ac resistance, here we reveal that P. xylostella requires combined mutations in both PxABCC2 and PxABCC3 to achieve high-level Cry1Ac resistance, rather than simply a mutation of either gene. We identified natural mutations of PxABCC2 and PxABCC3 that concurrently occurred in a Cry1Ac-resistant strain (Cry1S1000) of P. xylostella, with a mutation (RA2) causing the mis-splicing of PxABCC2 and another mutation (RA3) leading to the premature termination of PxABCC3. Genetic linkage analysis showed that RA2 and RA3 were tightly linked to Cry1Ac resistance. Introgression of RA2 and RA3 enabled a susceptible strain (G88) of P. xylostella to obtain high resistance to Cry1Ac, confirming that these genes confer resistance. To further support the role of PxABCC2 and PxABCC3 in Cry1Ac resistance, frameshift mutations were introduced into PxABCC2 and PxABCC3 singly and in combination in the G88 strain with CRISPR/Cas9 mediated mutagenesis. Bioassays of CRISPR-based mutant strains, plus genetic complementation tests, demonstrated that the deletion of PxABCC2 or PxABCC3 alone provided < 4-fold tolerance to Cry1Ac, while disruption of both genes together conferred >8,000-fold resistance to Cry1Ac, suggesting the redundant/complementary roles of PxABCC2 and PxABCC3. This work advances our understanding of Bt resistance in P. xylostella by demonstrating mutations within both PxABCC2 and PxABCC3 genes are required for high-level Cry1Ac resistance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.