ArticlePloS one2020
Eight years of sales surveillance of antimicrobials for veterinary use in Germany-What are the perceptions?
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Analysis of sales of antimicrobials used in veterinary medicine in Poland compared to Europe.Journal of veterinary research · 2026Article
- Measurement of antibiotic use in cats and dogs presenting to US primary care and referral practices provides insights for antimicrobial stewardship.Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · 2025Article
- Detection of antibiotic resistant Enterobacterales in commercial raw pet food: a preliminary study.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Genomic Evidence ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Sepsis and survival in critically ill calves: Risk factors and antimicrobial use.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2023Article
- Emergence of ADC-5 Cephalosporinase in environmentalAccess microbiology · 2023Article
- Standardization and evaluation of indicators for quantifying antimicrobial use on U.S. dairy farms.Frontiers in antibiotics · 2023Article
- Comparison of different biomass methodologies to adjust sales data on veterinary antimicrobials in the USA.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2022Review
- Antimicrobial and Biocide Resistance among Canine and FelineAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Multiresistant Gram-Negative Pathogens—A Zoonotic Problem.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2021Review
- The First Report ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Association of Antimicrobial Resistance inAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Comparison of Phenotypical Antimicrobial Resistance between Clinical and Non-ClinicalMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Availability of Antibiotics for Veterinary Use on the Internet: A Cross-Sectional Study.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
- Phenotypical antimicrobial resistance data of clinical and non-clinical Escherichia coli from poultry in Germany between 2014 and 2017.PloS one · 2020Article
- Bayesian evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of blood culture media and hypoglycemia in sepsis-suspected calves.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A surveillance system for sales volumes of antimicrobial agents for veterinary use was established in Germany in 2011. Since then, pharmaceutical companies and wholesalers have been legally obliged to report annual volumes of veterinary antimicrobial products sold to veterinary practices or clinics located in Germany. The evaluation of sales volumes for eight consecutive years resulted in a considerable total decrease by 58% from 1706 tons to 722 tons. During the investigation period, two legally binding measures to control the risk of antimicrobial resistance resulting from the veterinary use of antimicrobials were introduced, a) the German treatment frequencies benchmarking in 2014 and b) the obligation to conduct susceptibility testing for the use of cephalosporins of the 3rd and 4th generation and of fluoroquinolones in 2018. Both had a marked impact on sales volumes. Nonetheless, the category of Critically Important Antimicrobials as defined by the World Health Organization kept accounting for the highest share on sales volumes in Germany in 2018 with 403 tons, despite an overall reduction by 53%. Sales surveillance is considered essential for data retrieval on a global scale and inter-country comparison. However, the usability of a surveillance system based on sales data for risk management of antimicrobial resistance has limitations. The German system does not include off-label use of antimicrobial products authorized for human medicine and does not allow for identification of areas of high risk according to animal species, farm and production types and indications for treatment. For further reduction and enhanced promotion of a prudent use of antimicrobials, targeted measures would be required that could only be deducted from use data collected at farm or veterinary practice level. A surveillance system based on use data is currently lacking in Germany but will be established according to Regulation (EU) 2019/6 on veterinary medicinal products.
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