ArticleJournal of public health (Oxford, England)2020
Impact of COVID-19 outbreak by income: hitting hardest the most deprived.
Article in Journal of public health (Oxford, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 118 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
118 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic literature review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review of racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in COVID-19.International journal for equity in health · 2021Pooled it
- Factors Associated with the Implementation of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions for Reducing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Indoor Air Nicotine, Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure, and COVID-19 Outcomes in a Great Plains Tribal Community.Indoor air · 2026Article
- The fascination of values: making use of ethics in public health.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- A population-based case-control study of COVID-19: methodological considerations on the role of testing bias.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics and burden of COVID-19 in children and adolescents in Colombia: a retrospective database analysis.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Article
- Assessing the role of socioeconomic factors-income, education, broadband access, and healthy foods on location-wise disparities in COVID-19 cases.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Article
- Risk factors for intensive care unit admission among COVID-19 patients in the West Bank, Palestine: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Employment type and policy compliance with strict measures during public health crises: evidence from self-employed workers in China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Impacts of COVID-19 on clinical indicators and mortality in patients with chronic conditions in Catalonia, Spain: A retrospective population-based cohort study.Journal of global health · 2024Observational
- Socioeconomic disparities in risk perceptions and precautionary actions against COVID-19 among the working age population aged 18-59 in Japan: a cross-sectional study.BMJ public health · 2024Article
- Exploring the Relation between Contextual Social Determinants of Health and COVID-19 Occurrence and Hospitalization.Informatics (MDPI) · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic and Health Determinants of the Prevalence of COVID-19 in a Population of Children with Respiratory Diseases and Symptoms.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Lessons learnt from the implementation of the Covid-19 vaccination programme in the Southwest of England.PloS one · 2024Article
- Which decisions affect cohort distribution in COVID-19 data analytics?AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium · 2024Article
- The Influence of Socioeconomic and Educational Factors on the Level of Anxiety and Fear of COVID-19.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Spatial distribution of SARS-CoV-2 incidence, social inequality, housing conditions, and density in South-Eastern France: keys for future epidemics.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic inequalities in COVID-19 infection and vaccine uptake among children and adolescents in Catalonia, Spain: a population-based cohort study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe impact of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has many facets. This ecological study analysed age-standardized incidence rates by economic level in Barcelona.
methodsWe evaluated confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Barcelona (Spain) between 26 February 2020 and 19 April 2020. Districts were classified according to most recent (2017) mean income data. The reference for estimating age-standardized cumulative incidence rates was the 2018 European population. The association between incidence rate and mean income by district was estimated with the Spearman rho.
resultsThe lower the mean income, the higher the COVID-19 incidence (Spearman rho = 0.83; P value = 0.003). Districts with the lowest mean income had the highest incidence of COVID-19 per 10 000 inhabitants; in contrast, those with the highest income had the lowest incidence. Specifically, the district with the lowest income had 2.5 times greater incidence of the disease, compared with the highest-income district [70 (95% confidence interval 66-73) versus 28 (25-31), respectively].
conclusionsThe incidence of COVID-19 showed an inverse socioeconomic gradient by mean income in the 10 districts of the city of Barcelona. Beyond healthcare for people with the disease, attention must focus on a health strategy for the whole population, particularly in the most deprived areas.
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