ArticleJournal of current ophthalmology
Effect of Smoking on Tear Stability and Corneal Surface.
Article in Journal of current ophthalmology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- TFOS lifestyle: Impact of societal challenges on the ocular surface.The ocular surface · 2023Pooled it
- Association of dry eye disease with smoking: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2022Pooled it
- Apparent protective associations between smoking, alcohol consumption, and dry eye disease: evidence from a community-based Adult Dry Eye Cohort (ADEC) in Beijing.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Trigger Factors in Recurrent Corneal Erosion Syndrome.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Analysis of Sleep Quality Evaluation Factors Affecting Dry Eye Syndrome.International journal of general medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Artificial Intelligence in Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) Data Analysis-Toward Retinal Metabolic Diagnostics.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Impact of cigarette smoking on fluorescence lifetime of ocular fundus.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Prevalence of Dry Eye Symptoms and Associated Risk Factors among University Students in Poland.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Assessment of Tear Osmolarity in Smokers Using TearLab and I-Pen Systems.Journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- The effect of smoking on ocular surface and tear film based on clinical examination and optical coherence tomography.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Problematic Internet Use Associated with Symptomatic Dry Eye Disease in Medical Students from Peru.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Article
- Comment on: Objective and subjective evaluation of tear film in machine carpet weavers.Journal of occupational health · 2021Article
- Double Eyelid Tape Wear Affects Anterior Ocular Health among Young Adult Women with Single Eyelids.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo determine the effect of smoking on tear stability and ocular surface of the cornea among students aged between 19 and 25 years. This study also aimed to find a correlation between tear film stability with a score of McMonnies Dry Eye Questionnaire (MDEQ) and Ocular Surface Disease Index Questionnaire (OSDI).
methodsThis is a prospective, non-interventional, comparative study of 59 male (27 smokers and 32 non-smokers) undergraduates of a public university. Tear film stability was evaluated using non-invasive tear break-up time and fluorescein tear break-up time. Corneal staining was determined using Efron grading scale. MDEQ and OSDI Questionnaires were used to assess dry eye symptoms. Data were obtained from the right eye only and analyzed using descriptive and correlation analysis.
resultsThe age range of the participants was between 19 and 25 years. The mean age for smokers and non-smokers was 22.19 ± 2.20 and 21.22 ± 1.83 years, respectively (
conclusionsTobacco smoke has a significant effect on the tear film stability, seen in reduced tear stability values among smokers. Corneal staining was found to be more extensive in the smokers. These findings would be useful to eye-care providers in the management of their dry eye patients related to smoking.
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Registered trials
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