ReviewHeliyon2020
The evolution of the pilocarpine animal model of status epilepticus.
Review in Heliyon, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sleep and circadian rhythm disruptions in animal models of temporal lobe epilepsy.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- E4BP4-Driven Circadian SLC6A1 Expression Governs Tiagabine Chronoefficacy in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Neuroprotection and activation of anti-inflammatory and plasticity mechanisms by PLC-β inhibition after cholinergic hyperstimulation in hippocampal slices and microglial cells.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2025Article
- Experimental models of epilepsy: A comprehensive review of mechanisms, translational relevance, and future directions.Veterinary world · 2025Review
- Effects of Two Boron-Containing Compounds Structurally Related to Topiramate on Three Models of Drug-Induced Seizures in Mice.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Protocol for Extracting Circulating Cell-Free DNA from Murine Saliva: Insights into Oral and Systemic Disease Research.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Curcumin Modulates PTPRZ1 Activity and RNA m6A Modifications in Neuroinflammation-Associated Microglial Response.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Unlocking the Potential of Freeze-Dried Broccoli Powder: A Novel Approach to Enhancing Cognitive Resilience in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Astrocytic Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 1a Contributes to the Development of Epileptic Cognitive Impairment.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Teneurin-2 and related proteins in reactive astrocytes afterFrontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Identification and verification of key molecules in the epileptogenic process of focal cortical dysplasia.Metabolic brain disease · 2024Article
- CoQ10 targeted hippocampal ferroptosis in a status epilepticus rat model.Cell and tissue research · 2024Article
- Prophylactic treatment with the c-Abl inhibitor, neurotinib, diminishes neuronal damage and the convulsive state in pilocarpine-induced mice.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Induction of seizures and initiation of epileptogenesis by pilocarpine in zebrafish larvae.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Article
- A Novel Rat Infant Model of Medial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Reveals New Insight into the Molecular Biology and Epileptogenesis in the Developing Brain.Neural plasticity · 2024Article
- Downregulating NHE-1 decreases the apoptosis of hippocampal cells in epileptic model rats based on the NHE-1/calpain1 pathway.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Thalidomide Attenuates Epileptogenesis and Seizures by Decreasing Brain Inflammation in Lithium Pilocarpine Rat Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The P2X7 Receptor as a Mechanistic Biomarker for Epilepsy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Distinctive biophysical features of human cell-types: insights from studies of neurosurgically resected brain tissue.Frontiers in synaptic neuroscience · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The pilocarpine animal model of status epilepticus is a well-established, clinically translatable model that satisfies all of the criteria essential for an animal model of status epilepticus: a latency period followed by spontaneous recurrent seizures, replication of behavioural, electrographic, metabolic, and neuropathological changes, as well as, pharmacoresistance to anti-epileptic drugs similar to that observed in human status epilepticus. However, this model is also characterized by high mortality rates and studies in recent years have also seen difficulties in seizure induction due to pilocarpine resistant animals. This can be attributed to differences in rodent strains, species, gender, and the presence of the multi-transporter, P-glycoprotein at the blood brain barrier. The current paper highlights the various alterations made to the original pilocarpine model over the years to combat both the high mortality and low induction rates. These range from the initial lithium-pilocarpine model to the more recent Reduced Intensity Status Epilepticus (RISE) model, which finally brought the mortality rates down to 1%. These modifications are essential to improve animal welfare and future experimental outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.