ArticleJournal of infection and public health2020
A retrospective cross-national examination of COVID-19 outbreak in 175 countries: a multiscale geographically weighted regression analysis (January 11-June 28, 2020).
Article in Journal of infection and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- COVID-19 vaccination lowers SARS-CoV-2 infection risk independent of diabetes, cancer and smoking in SHIP-COVID cohort, Northern Germany.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal dynamics and driving factors of human resources for health in traditional Chinese medicine in China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- A genome-wide association study identifies new loci associated with response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 vaccine in a cohort of healthy healthcare workers.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Protecting effects of smoking against COVID-19: a community-based retrospective cohort study in middle- and older-aged adults.Internal and emergency medicine · 2024Article
- A data-driven analysis on the mediation effect of compartment models between control measures and COVID-19 epidemics.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Mapping the pandemic: a review of Geographical Information Systems-based spatial modeling of Covid-19.Journal of public health in Africa · 2023Article
- The predisposition of smokers to COVID-19 infection: A mini-review of global perspectives.Heliyon · 2023Review
- Compound impact of COVID-19, economy and climate on the spatial distribution of global agriculture and food security.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Effect of vaccination patterns and vaccination rates on the spread and mortality of the COVID-19 pandemic.Health policy and technology · 2023Article
- Spatiotemporal clusters and the socioeconomic determinants of COVID-19 in Toronto neighbourhoods, Canada.Spatial and spatio-temporal epidemiology · 2022Article
- COVID-19 Infections and Mortality in Florida Counties: Roles of Race, Ethnicity, Segregation, and 2020 Election Results.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2022Article
- Exploring Socioeconomic Status as a Global Determinant of COVID-19 Prevalence, Using Exploratory Data Analytic and Supervised Machine Learning Techniques: Algorithm Development and Validation Study.JMIR formative research · 2022Article
- Preadmission testing for COVID-19 as a screening strategy: a retrospective chart review from a tertiary hospital in Kenya.Infection prevention in practice · 2022Article
- COVID-19 Variant Surveillance and Social Determinants in Central Massachusetts: Development Study.JMIR formative research · 2022Article
- GIS-based spatio-temporal analysis and modeling of COVID-19 incidence rates in Europe.Spatial and spatio-temporal epidemiology · 2022Article
- Assessing work resumption in hospitals during the COVID-19 epidemic in China using multiscale geographically weighted regression.Transactions in GIS : TG · 2022Article
- Racial/Ethnic Heterogeneity and Rural-Urban Disparity of COVID-19 Case Fatality Ratio in the USA: a Negative Binomial and GIS-Based Analysis.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2022Article
- Investigation of airborne particle exposure in an office with mixing and displacement ventilation.Sustainable cities and society · 2022Article
- Catastrophic health expenditure due to hospitalisation for COVID-19 treatment in India: findings from a primary survey.BMC research notes · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study retrospectively examined the health and social determinants of the COVID-19 outbreak in 175 countries from a spatial epidemiological approach.
methodsWe used spatial analysis to examine the cross-national determinants of confirmed cases of COVID-19 based on the World Health Organization official COVID-19 data and the World Bank Indicators of Interest to the COVID-19 outbreak. All models controlled for COVID-19 government measures.
resultsThe percentage of the population age between 15-64 years (Age15-64), percentage smokers (SmokTot.), and out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPExp) significantly explained global variation in the current COVID-19 outbreak in 175 countries. The percentage population age group 15-64 and out of pocket expenditure were positively associated with COVID-19. Conversely, the percentage of the total population who smoke was inversely associated with COVID-19 at the global level.
conclusionsThis study is timely and could serve as a potential geospatial guide to developing public health and epidemiological surveillance programs for the outbreak in multiple countries. Removal of catastrophic medical expenditure, smoking cessation, and observing public health guidelines will not only reduce illness related to COVID-19 but also prevent unecessary deaths.
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