ArticleJournal of primary care & community health
Insights Provided by Depression Screening Regarding Pain, Anxiety, and Substance use in a Veteran Population.
Article in Journal of primary care & community health. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Health Benefits of Screening for Co-occurring Alcohol-, Substance-, and Mood-related Conditions for At-Risk Populations: A Mathematical Modeling Study.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- Prospective associations between Long COVID and mental health: evidence from a population-based study with a nearly three-year follow-up.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Associations Between Reductions in Depressive Symptoms and Reductions in Pain and Anxiety Symptoms and Substance Use: Emulation of a Randomized Trial.AJPM focus · 2024Article
- Editorial: Neuropsychiatric disorders in the veterans volume II: emerging evidence of precision medicine and complementary and integrative health (CIH) approaches.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Investigating Relations Between the Symptoms of Panic, Agoraphobia, and Suicidal Ideation: The Significance of Comorbid Depressive Symptoms in Veterans with Panic Disorder.Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment · 2023Article
- Cessation of self-reported opioid use and impacts on co-occurring health conditions.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- Integrating Screening and Treatment of Unhealthy Alcohol Use and Depression with Screening and Treatment of Anxiety, Pain, and Other Substance Use Among People with HIV and Other High-Risk Persons.AIDS and behavior · 2021Review
- Does Reducing Drinking in Patients with Unhealthy Alcohol Use Improve Pain Interference, Use of Other Substances, and Psychiatric Symptoms?Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2020Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveWe sought to quantify the extent to which a depression screening instrument commonly used in primary care settings provides additional information regarding pain interference symptoms, anxiety, and substance use.
methodsVeterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) data collected from 2003 through 2015 was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) for associations between positive depression screening result cutoffs and clustering conditions. We assessed the test performance characteristics (likelihood ratio value, positive predictive value, and the percentage of individuals correctly classified) of a positive Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9 & PHQ-2) depression screen for the identification of pain interference symptoms, anxiety, and substance use.
resultsA total 7731 participants were included in the analyses. The median age was 50 years. The PHQ-9 threshold of ≥20 was strongly associated with pain interference symptoms (OR 21.6, 95% CI 17.5-26.7) and anxiety (OR 72.1, 95% CI 52.8-99.0) and yielded likelihood ratio values of 7.5 for pain interference symptoms and 21.8 for anxiety and positive predictive values (PPV) of 84% and 95%, respectively. A PHQ-9 score of ≥10 still showed significant associations with pain interference symptoms (OR 6.1, 95% CI 5.4-6.9) and symptoms of anxiety (OR 11.3, 95% CI 9.7-13.1) and yet yielded lower likelihood ratio values (4.36 & 8.24, respectively). The PHQ-9 was less strongly associated with various forms of substance use.
conclusionDepression screening provides substantial additional information regarding the likelihood of pain interference symptoms and anxiety and should trigger diagnostic assessments for these other conditions.
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