SynthesisAttachment & human development2021
Early childhood attachment stability and change: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Attachment & human development, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness of Attachment-Based Interventions for Maltreated Children's Well-Being: A Systematic Review.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2026Pooled it
- The influence of attachment and relational quality on developmental outcomes across the lifespan: a systematic review and meta-analytic insights (2014-2024).Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Parent-Infant Attachment and Gross Motor Development During the First 2 Years of Life: A Systematic Review.Nursing & health sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Universal Digital Programs for Promoting Mental and Relational Health for Parents of Young Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical child and family psychology review · 2024Pooled it
- Changes in parenting representations following Circle of Security-Parenting (COS-P) at an Australian Early Parenting Center.Infant mental health journal · 2026Article
- Parent-Infant Relational Health in a Disaster-Affected Region: A Qualitative Examination of Lived Experience and Perceived Impact of a Brief, Online Support Program.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Practitioner Review: Clinical insights from attachment theory and research for professionals working with young children and their families.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Review
- Exploring attachment, trauma, and cannabis use in psychotic disorders: a qualitative study of patient and family perspectives.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Grandparent involvement and children's emotional and behavioral problems: the mediating role of social competence and the moderating role of family functioning.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Adult attachment and acceptance-rejection in Colombia and Spain: maternal and paternal contributions across contexts.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- MERTILChildren (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- The link of adverse childhood experiences and attachment to maladaptive personality traits in adults diagnosed with substance use disorder.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Cancer Patients' Attachment Styles in the First Year After Diagnosis: The Impact of Perceived Stress and Emotion Regulation Skills.Psychiatry and clinical psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Representations of adult attachment and shame in parents of children on the autism spectrum.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- The Effect of Maternal Attitudes and Depression on Bonding During the Postpartum Period.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- Probing the content of affective semantic memory following caregiving-related early adversity.Developmental science · 2024Article
- Helping Institutionalised Children through a Trusting Relationship-Findings from a One-Year Psychosocial Intervention Programme.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Trust-Based Relational InterventionChildren (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Infant and preschool attachment, continuity and relationship to caregiving sensitivity: findings from a new population-based Australian cohort.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Examining degrees of stability in attachment throughout early childhood is important for understanding developmental pathways and for informing intervention. Updating and building upon all prior meta-analyses, this study aimed to determine levels of stability in all forms of attachment classifications across early childhood. Attachment stability was assessed between three developmental epochs within early childhood: infancy, toddlerhood, and preschool/early school. To ensure data homogeneity, only studies that assessed attachment with methods based on the strange situation procedure were included. Results indicate moderate levels of stability at both the four-way (secure, avoidant, resistant, and disorganised;
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.