ArticlePain management nursing : official journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses2021
The Potential Role of Preoperative Pain, Catastrophizing, and Differential Gene Expression on Pain Outcomes after Pediatric Spinal Fusion.
Article in Pain management nursing : official journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07737886 (Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Effects of Virtual Reality for Pain, Anxiety and Recovery Enhancement of Children Post-Scoliosis Surgical Repair), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Effects of Virtual Reality for Pain, Anxiety and Recovery Enhancement of Children Post-Scoliosis Surgical Repair: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Parallel Trial (VR-SPINE)
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-specific pain management and outcomes in pediatric elective posterior spinal fusion: a database review.Spine deformity · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence of and recommendation for measuring chronic postsurgical pain in children: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.Regional anesthesia and pain medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Prognostic factors of chronic postsurgical pain in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Regional anesthesia and pain medicine · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of implementation of pain neuroscience education and rehabilitation exercise on post-operative pain and recovery after laparoscopic colorectal surgery: a prospective randomized controlled trial.Journal of anesthesia · 2023Trial
- Preoperative Psychological Factors and Early Postoperative Pain After Posterior Spinal Fusion for Scoliosis: A Retrospective Preliminary Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Presurgical Prognostic Factors for Chronic Postsurgical Pain Across Developmental Stages in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of pain research · 2026Review
- Chronic postsurgical pain in young children: Prevalence, pain trajectories and physical and psychological prognostic factors.The journal of pain · 2025Observational
- Predicting Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes Following Major Scoliosis Surgery in Adolescents: A Latent Class Growth Analysis.Global spine journal · 2024Article
- Current Evidence for Biological Biomarkers and Mechanisms Underlying Acute to Chronic Pain Transition across the Pediatric Age Spectrum.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Pilot Investigation of Somatosensory Functioning and Pain Catastrophizing in Pediatric Spinal Fusion Surgery.Pain management nursing : official journal of the American Society of Pain Management Nurses · 2023Article
- Identifying Risk Factors, Patient-Reported Experience and Outcome Measures, and Data Capture Tools for an Individualized Pain Prediction Tool in Pediatrics: Focus Group Study.JMIR perioperative medicine · 2022Article
- The Role of Walking in the Relationship between Catastrophizing and Fatigue in Women with Fibromyalgia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Developmental mechanisms of CPSP: Clinical observations and translational laboratory evaluations.Canadian journal of pain = Revue canadienne de la douleur · 2022Review
- Preventing pediatric chronic postsurgical pain: Time for increased rigor.Canadian journal of pain = Revue canadienne de la douleur · 2022Review
- Activity Patterns and Functioning. A Contextual-Functional Approach to Pain Catastrophizing in Women with Fibromyalgia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAdolescent idiopathic scoliosis is one of the most common spinal deformities in children and adolescents requiring extensive surgical intervention. Due to the nature of surgery, spinal fusion increases their risk of experiencing persistent postsurgical pain. Up to 20% of adolescents report pain for months or years after corrective spinal fusion surgery.
aimsTo examine the influence of preoperative psychosocial factors and mRNA expression profiles on persistent postoperative pain in adolescents undergoing corrective spinal fusion surgery.
designProspective, longitudinal cohort study.
settingTwo freestanding academic children's hospitals.
methodsUtilizing a longitudinal approach, adolescents were evaluated at baseline (preoperatively) and postoperatively at ±1 month and ±4-6 months. Self-report of pain scores, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale-Child, and whole blood for RNA sequencing analysis were obtained at each time point.
resultsOf the adolescents enrolled in the study, 36% experienced persistent pain at final postoperative follow-up. The most significant predictors of persistent pain included preoperative pain severity and helplessness. Gene expression analysis identified HLA-DRB3 as having increased expression in children who experienced persistent pain postoperatively, as opposed to those whose pain resolved. A prospective validation study with a larger sample size is needed to confirm these findings.
conclusionsWhile adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is not often classified as a painful condition, providers must be cognizant of pre-existing pain and anxiety that may precipitate a negative recovery trajectory. Policy and practice change are essential for early identification and subsequent intervention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.