ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2020
Validation of the Wijma delivery expectancy/experience questionnaire for pregnant women in Malawi: a descriptive, cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- The psychometric properties of fear of childbirth instruments: a systematic review.Reproductive health · 2024Pooled it
- Convergent validity between two questionnaires that evaluate fear of childbirth validated in spanish: childbirth fear questionnaire (CFQ-e) and Wijma delivery expectancy questionnaire (WDEQ-A-Sp).BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Assessing the Quality of Life of Pregnant Women in Romania: Socioeconomic, Health, and Obstetric Factors and the Validation of the WHOQOL-BREF Instrument.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2025Article
- Validity and reliability of the Greek version of Wijma delivery expectancy/experience questionnaire (Version A) among low-risk pregnant women.BMC psychology · 2024Article
- Fear of childbirth: validation of the Kiswahili version of Wijma delivery expectancy/experience questionnaire versions A and B in Tanzania.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
- Quality of Life instruments and their psychometric properties for use in parents during pregnancy and the postpartum period: a systematic scoping review.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2022Article
- Reliability and validity study of the Spanish adaptation of the "Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire" (W-DEQ-A).PloS one · 2021Article
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4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFear of childbirth is a common health concern for women during pregnancy. The Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire (W-DEQ) is widely used to measure childbirth fear during pregnancy. However, this instrument is yet to be validated in Malawi, Africa. Our study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the W-DEQ questionnaire in Malawi.
methodsHealthy pregnant women in the third trimester (N = 476) at a district hospital in Malawi were included. Fear of childbirth, depressive symptoms, and quality of life were assessed using the W-DEQ, the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale, and the World Health Organization Quality of Life scale, respectively. The construct validity, reliability, and convergent validity of the W-DEQ were examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, Cronbach's alpha, and Pearson correlations.
resultsThe mean age of participants was 28.2 (standard deviation = 6.8) years. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the Malawian version of the W-DEQ indicated a multidimensional structure with three factors: fear, negative appraisal, and a lack of self-efficacy, with acceptable goodness of model fit. The Malawian version of the W-DEQ showed a satisfactory internal consistency (α = 0.84) and was significantly correlated with depressive symptoms (r = 0.23, p < 0.001) and quality of life (r = - 0.17 ~ -0.26, ps < 0.05).
conclusionsOur findings support the Malawian W-DEQ version being a reliable and valid instrument for measuring childbirth fear in African women.
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