ReviewIUBMB life2020
Bacterial co-infections with SARS-CoV-2.
Review in IUBMB life, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 166 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
166 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 295 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential interaction between the oral microbiota and COVID-19: a meta-analysis and bioinformatics prediction.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Pooled it
- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis (November 2019-June 2021).Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2022Pooled it
- Ceftazidime-Avibactam Versus Colistin-Based Regimens for Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Bloodstream Infections: A Six-Year Retrospective Cohort and 30-Day Mortality Analysis.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Intracellular microbial shifts during COVID-19 infection and longitudinal recovery revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing.iScience · 2026Article
- Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Aptasensors for Rapid Detection of Pathogens and By-Products.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- NasalInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The inflammation-immunosuppression loop as a driver of immune dysfunction and secondary infections in severe COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Comparative progress on the mechanisms of airway mucosal injury induced by different pathogens: SARS-CoV-2, influenza A virus, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Molecular Surveillance of Viral Genotypes and Aerobic Bacterial Coinfections in Respiratory Infections: Insights From a Tertiary Care Setting in Iran.BioMed research international · 2026Article
- Solid Medium Droplet Microarray for Miniaturized Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test.Small science · 2025Article
- High colonization by multidrug-resistant and virulent Staphylococcus aureus genotypes among critically ill patients in the COVID-19 pandemic in a Brazilian hospital.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- UltrastrongScience advances · 2025Article
- Promising Prodiginins Biological Activities.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2025Review
- The relationship between respiratory tract infections caused by toxin-producing bacteria in burn patients during COVID-19: pathogenesis, diagnostics and novel therapies.Journal of medical microbiology · 2025Review
- UMPlex™: a targeted next-generation sequencing primer design workflow.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Altered microbiota of the lower respiratory tract and its association with COVID-19 severity analysed by metagenomics and metatranscriptomics.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Secondary bacterial infections of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in patients with COVID-19 admitted to Chinese ICUs.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- The Antimicrobial Efficacy of Copper Complexes: A Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Poor clinical outcomes in respiratory viral sepsis: a retrospective observational study.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Quality Management Outweighs Pandemic: Retrospective Analysis Shows Improved Quality of Care forDiseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
106 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has affected millions of people worldwide. To date, there are no proven effective therapies for this virus. Efforts made to develop antiviral strategies for the treatment of COVID-19 are underway. Respiratory viral infections, such as influenza, predispose patients to co-infections and these lead to increased disease severity and mortality. Numerous types of antibiotics such as azithromycin have been employed for the prevention and treatment of bacterial co-infection and secondary bacterial infections in patients with a viral respiratory infection (e.g., SARS-CoV-2). Although antibiotics do not directly affect SARS-CoV-2, viral respiratory infections often result in bacterial pneumonia. It is possible that some patients die from bacterial co-infection rather than virus itself. To date, a considerable number of bacterial strains have been resistant to various antibiotics such as azithromycin, and the overuse could render those or other antibiotics even less effective. Therefore, bacterial co-infection and secondary bacterial infection are considered critical risk factors for the severity and mortality rates of COVID-19. Also, the antibiotic-resistant as a result of overusing must be considered. In this review, we will summarize the bacterial co-infection and secondary bacterial infection in some featured respiratory viral infections, especially COVID-19.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.