ArticleThe Laryngoscope2021
Inflammatory Effects of Thickened Water on the Lungs in a Murine Model of Recurrent Aspiration.
Article in The Laryngoscope, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary management and feeding considerations of pediatric aerodigestive and upper gastrointestinal motility disorders.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2026Guideline
- Article
- Alveolar Extracellular Vesicles May Protect Some Patients With Chronic Aspiration From Pneumonia.The Laryngoscope · 2026Article
- Using the BaByVFSS Impairment Profile to Characterize the Impact of Thin and Mildly Thick Liquid Consistencies on Validated Physiological Components of Swallowing in Bottle-Fed Children.American journal of speech-language pathology · 2025Article
- Thickened Liquids Improve Infant Swallow Function as Measured by Penetration-Aspiration Scale Score on Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study.Pediatric pulmonology · 2025Article
- Linking the impact of aspiration to host variables using the BOLUS framework: support from a rapid review.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2024Review
- Informed or misinformed consent and use of modified texture diets in dysphagia.BMC medical ethics · 2023Article
- The E-cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury Epidemic: Pathogenesis, Management, and Future Directions: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2023Article
- Immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory impact ofFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Risk Factors for Aspiration Pneumonia After Receiving Liquid-Thickening Recommendations.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2022Review
- Topotecan reduces sepsis-induced acute lung injury and decreases the inflammatory response via the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway.Pulmonary circulation · 2022Article
- Instrumental swallowing studies for the prevention of pulmonary morbidity in children and the importance of multi-disciplinary teams.Jornal de pediatriaArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveLiquid thickeners are commonly recommended in individuals with dysphagia and recurrent aspiration as a strategy for pneumonia prevention. The goal of this study was to examine the effects of small amounts of aspirated liquid thickener on the lungs. STUDY
designAnimal model. Prospective small animal clinical trial.
methodsAdult Sprague Dawley rats (n = 19) were divided into two groups and underwent three intratracheal instillations of either xanthan gum-based nectar-thick water (0.1-0.25 mL/kg) or water-only control over the course of 8 days. Blood was collected from a peripheral vein on days 1 and 8 and submitted for complete blood count (CBC) analysis. Rats were euthanized 10 days after the last instillation, and the lungs were harvested. Histopathology was conducted on lung specimens by a blinded licensed veterinary pathologist and scored for evidence of lung injury and pneumonia.
resultsFifteen animals (8 nectar-thickener group, 7 control group) survived until the endpoint of the study (day 18). Serum CBC did not show abnormalities at any timepoint in either group. Histological evidence of lung inflammation and edema were significantly greater in the nectar-thick group compared to controls (P < .05). Signs of inflammation included aggregates of foamy macrophages, expansion of bronchiolar lymphoid tissue, and large numbers of eosinophilic intraalveolar crystals. Histiocytic and neutrophilic pneumonia was noted in one animal that received thickened liquids.
conclusionRecurrent aspiration of small amounts of thickened water resulted in significant pulmonary inflammation in a murine model of aspiration. Results of this study support the need for further investigation of liquid thickener safety and its efficacy in reducing the pulmonary complications of swallowing disorders. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA Laryngoscope, 131:1223-1228, 2021.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.