Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32768616›Full record

ArticleNeuroscience2021

Pleasant Deep Pressure: Expanding the Social Touch Hypothesis.

Laura K Case, Jaquette Liljencrantz, Micaela V McCall, Megan Bradson, Aaron Necaise, Justin Tubbs, Håkan Olausson, Binquan Wang, M Catherine Bushnell

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Neuroscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed
4.4field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.

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  11. [Pain modulating systems and manual medicine].Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025
    Article
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  13. Merkel cell stimulation in fear and sensory signaling.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025
    Article
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  16. Correction.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Laura K CaseNational Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States. Electronic address: lcase@health.ucsd.edu.
Jaquette LiljencrantzNational Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Micaela V McCallNational Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Megan BradsonNational Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Aaron NecaiseNational Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Justin TubbsNational Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States.
Håkan OlaussonCenter for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
Binquan WangNational Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States.
M Catherine BushnellNational Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States.
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health · USLinköping University · SE

Funding

General Studies of Chronic PainZIAAT000037 · NCCIH · NATIONAL CENTER FOR COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE HEALTH · PI SHURTLEFF, DAVID · 2019 to 2025
$6.5M
Affective Sensory Pathways of Light Stroking and Deep Pressure TouchR00AT009466 · NCCIH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI CASE, LAURA K · 2020 to 2022
$1.1M
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA AT000037NCCIH NIH HHS K99 AT009466NCCIH NIH HHS R00 AT009466
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Neuroscientific research on pleasant touch has focused on the C-tactile pathway for gentle stroking and has successfully explained how these sensory fibers transmit information about affective social touch to the brain and induce sensations of pleasantness. The C-tactile social/affective touch hypothesis even proposes that C-tactile fibers form a privileged pathway underlying social touch. However, deep pressure is a type of touch commonly considered pleasant and calming, occurring in hugs, cuddling, and massage. In this paper we introduce a paradigm for studying pleasant deep pressure and propose that it constitutes another important form of social touch. We describe development of the oscillating compression sleeve (OCS) as one approach to administering deep pressure and demonstrate that this touch is perceived as pleasant and calming. Further, we show that deep pressure can be imaged with functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using the air-pressure-driven OCS and that deep pressure activates brain regions highly similar to those that respond to C-tactile stroking, as well as regions not activated by stroking. We propose that deep pressure constitutes another social touch pathway of evolutionary importance signaling the close proximity of conspecifics.

Indexed as

TouchTouch PerceptionAnxietyEmotionsNerve Fibers, UnmyelinatedPhysical StimulationC-tactilefMRIpressuresocial touchsomatosensation

Identifiers

PMID32768616
PMCPMC7865002
OpenAlexW3047504170

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.