ArticlePreventive medicine2020
Obesity-related multimorbidity and risk of cardiovascular disease in the middle-aged population in the United States.
Article in Preventive medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Observational
- The obesity-related chronic disease index (ORCDi), a novel composite metric to quantify ORCD burden: an ecological study across U.S. census tracts.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Racial differences in lifetime healthcare costs associated with obesity-related multimorbidity among the U.S. population aged 40 years or older.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- State-level prevalence of chronic conditions co-occurring with obesity among US adults.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- Trends in cardiometabolic multimorbidity in non-elderly adult Medicaid enrollees, 2018-2022.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2025Article
- Patterns of multimorbidity across obesity severity and fat distribution in Anhui, China: a community-based study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Relationship between obesity indicators and hypertension-diabetes comorbidity in an elderly population: a retrospective cohort study.BMC geriatrics · 2023Article
- Familial co-aggregation and shared genetics of cardiometabolic disorders and traits: data from the multi-generational Lifelines Cohort Study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2023Article
- Multimorbidity and complex multimorbidity in Brazilians with severe obesity.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Exploring the obesity concerns of British Pakistani women living in deprived inner-city areas: A qualitative study.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2022Article
- The Relationship of Physical Activity and Dietary Quality with Android Fat Composition and Distribution in US Adults.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Article
- The relationship between multimorbidity, obesity and functional impairment in older adults.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2022Article
- Research priority setting in obesity: a systematic review.Zeitschrift fur Gesundheitswissenschaften = Journal of public health · 2021Review
- Analysis of multimorbidity networks associated with different factors in Northeast China: a cross-sectional analysis.BMJ open · 2021Article
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6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
To investigate the prevalence of obesity-related multimorbidity (co-occurrence of ≥2 obesity-related chronic diseases, ORCDs) and the risk of cardiovascular disease in the presence of multimorbidity in middle-aged adults in the United States. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2007 to 2016 were used. Target ORCDs included hypertension (H), diabetes (D), coronary heart disease (C), and stroke (S). Age-standardized prevalence for obesity-related multimorbidity in its combination and permutation was calculated. Risk for cardiovascular disease (C or S) was estimated conditional on demographics, degree of obesity, and presence and duration of pre-existing ORCDs. Analyses were conducted at Washington University in 2019. The analytic sample included 14,243 individuals age 40-79 years, representing a population size of 110,003,550. Age-standardized prevalence for obesity-related multimorbidity was 12.3%. Hypertension was most commonly the first diagnosed ORCD for populations with 2-4 ORCDs, followed by diabetes for populations with 2-3 ORCDs. Compared with no pre-existing hypertension/diabetes/stroke, pre-existing hypertension in combination with diabetes/stroke significantly increased risk of coronary heart disease [H + S (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio, aHR 27.6, 95% CI 10.9-70.2), D + H + S (aHR 20.3, 95% CI 7.9-52.2)]. Compared with no hypertension/diabetes/coronary heart disease, pre-existing hypertension in combination with diabetes/coronary heart disease significantly increased risk of stroke [C + D + H (aHR 32.6, 95% CI 12.2-87.1), C + H (aHR 25.4, 95% CI 12.1-53.6), D + H (aHR 5.3, 95% CI 2.6-10.8)]. Obesity-related multimorbidity is prevalent and highly associated with cardiovascular disease development. To reduce the detrimental health impact of multimorbidity, intervention strategies should target preventing increasing multimorbidity and detecting/managing diabetes and hypertension prior to the onset of cardiovascular disease.
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