ArticleJournal of paediatrics and child health2020
SARS-CoV-2 in human milk is inactivated by Holder pasteurisation but not cold storage.
Article in Journal of paediatrics and child health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- TMPRSS2-mediated coronavirus spike activation and inhibition.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2026Article
- Management of neonates with maternal prenatal coronavirus infection and influencing factors.Pediatric research · 2024Review
- Viruses and Human Milk: Transmission or Protection?Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Review
- Article
- General approach to delivery and resuscitation of newborn infants from mothers at risk or proven COVID-19.Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine · 2023Review
- COVID-19 Disease in Under-5 Children: Current Status and Strategies for Prevention including Vaccination.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Recommendations for the establishment and operation of a donor human milk bank.Nutrition reviews · 2023Article
- Breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Review
- Point-of-care CRISPR/Cas biosensing technology: A promising tool for preventing the possible COVID-19 resurgence caused by contaminated cold-chain food and packaging.Food frontiers · 2022Article
- Recommendations for breastfeeding during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.International breastfeeding journal · 2022Review
- Potent Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity by the Natural Product Gallinamide A and Analogues via Inhibition of Cathepsin L.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2022Article
- High cryo-resistance of SARS-CoV-2 virus: Increased risk of re-contamination at transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue after COVID-19 pandemic.Cryobiology · 2021Review
- Gut microbiota in a population highly affected by obesity and type 2 diabetes and susceptibility to COVID-19.World journal of gastroenterology · 2021Review
- The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on North American milk banks.Maternal & child nutrition · 2021Article
- Stability of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in dairy products.Journal of food safety · 2021Article
- Maintaining human milk bank services throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: A global response.Maternal & child nutrition · 2021Article
- A decentralised point-of-care testing model to address inequities in the COVID-19 response.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2021Review
- Breast Milk and COVID-19: From Conventional Data to "Omics" Technologies to Investigate Changes Occurring in SARS-CoV-2 Positive Mothers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- It's time to change the recommendations on COVID-19 and human milk donations.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2021Article
- No Evidence of Infectious SARS-CoV-2 in Human Milk: Analysis of a Cohort of 110 Lactating Women.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimAs the COVID-19 pandemic evolves, human milk banks world-wide continue to provide donor human milk to vulnerable infants who lack access to mother's own milk. Under these circumstances, ensuring the safety of donor human milk is paramount, as the risk of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is not fully understood. Here, we investigate the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in human milk by pasteurisation and the stability of SARS-CoV-2 in human milk under cold storage.
methodsSARS-CoV-2 was experimentally inoculated into human milk samples from healthy donors or into a control medium. Triplicates of each sample were layered onto uninfected cells after Holder pasteurisation (63°C for 30 min), heating to 56°C for 30 min, or after 48 h of storage at 4°C or -30°C. Infectious titres of virus were determined at 72 h post-infection by endpoint titration.
resultsFollowing heating to 63°C or 56°C for 30 min, replication competent (i.e. live) SARS-CoV-2 was undetected in both human milk and the control medium. Cold storage of SARS-CoV-2 in human milk (either at 4°C or -30°C) did not significantly impact infectious viral load over a 48 h period.
conclusionSARS-CoV-2 is effectively inactivated by Holder pasteurisation, suggesting that existing milk bank processes will effectively mitigate the risk of transmission of SARS-COV-2 to vulnerable infants through pasteurised donor human milk. The demonstrated stability of SARS-CoV-2 in refrigerated or frozen human milk may assist in the development of guidelines around safe expressing and storing of milk from COVID-19 infected mothers.
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