ArticleAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)2020
3D Microstructures of Liquid Crystal Networks with Programmed Voxelated Director Fields.
Article in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Electrothermally Addressable Liquid Crystal Elastomer Microactuator Arrays with Integrated Microheaters.Sensors and actuators. A, Physical · 2026Article
- Liquid Crystal Polymers as Intrinsically Magnetic and Programmable Soft Materials for Microrobotics.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Diffusion-guided 4D microprinting of soft microactuators.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Spatially Programmable Chirality in Cellulose Nanocrystal Films via Rotational Magnetic Flow.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- Fabrication of LCE Microactuator Arrays Through Soft Lithography with Surface Alignment.Journal of microelectromechanical systems : a joint IEEE and ASME publication on microstructures, microactuators, microsensors, and microsystems · 2025Article
- In Situ Control of Reactive Mesogens Alignment During 3D Printing by Two-Photon Lithography.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Alignment and actuation of liquid crystals via 3D confinement and two-photon laser printing.Science advances · 2024Article
- 4D Printing of Shape-Morphing Liquid Crystal Elastomers.Chem & bio engineering · 2024Review
- Shape programming of liquid crystal elastomers.Communications chemistry · 2024Review
- Smart chiral liquid crystal elastomers: Design, properties and application.Smart molecules : open access · 2024Review
- Programming Deformations of 3D Microstructures: Opportunities Enabled by Magnetic Alignment of Liquid Crystalline Elastomers.Accounts of materials research · 2023Article
- Multi-Spiral Laser Patterning of Azopolymer Thin Films for Generation of Orbital Angular Momentum Light.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Smart Nematic Liquid Crystal Polymers for Micromachining Advances.Micromachines · 2023Review
- Shape-Changing Particles: From Materials Design and Mechanisms to Implementation.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2022Review
- Shape-programmable liquid crystal elastomer structures with arbitrary three-dimensional director fields and geometries.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Physical intelligence as a new paradigm.Extreme Mechanics Letters · 2021Article
- Liquid-Crystal-Elastomer-Actuated Reconfigurable Microscale Kirigami Metastructures.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2021Article
- Liquid Crystal Elastomer-Based Magnetic Composite Films for Reconfigurable Shape-Morphing Soft Miniature Machines.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2021Article
- Direct laser writing of liquid crystal elastomers oriented by a horizontal electric field.Open research Europe · 2021Article
- Multifunctional magnetic soft composites: a review.Multifunctional materials · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The shape-shifting behavior of liquid crystal networks (LCNs) and elastomers (LCEs) is a result of an interplay between their initial geometrical shape and their molecular alignment. For years, reliance on either one-step in situ or two-step film processing techniques has limited the shape-change transformations from 2D to 3D geometries. The combination of various fabrication techniques, alignment methods, and chemical formulations developed in recent years has introduced new opportunities to achieve 3D-to-3D shape-transformations in large scales, albeit the precise control of local molecular alignment in microscale 3D constructs remains a challenge. Here, the voxel-by-voxel encoding of nematic alignment in 3D microstructures of LCNs produced by two-photon polymerization using high-resolution topographical features is demonstrated. 3D LCN microstructures (suspended films, coils, and rings) with designable 2D and 3D director fields with a resolution of 5 µm are achieved. Different shape transformations of LCN microstructures with the same geometry but dissimilar molecular alignments upon actuation are elicited. This strategy offers higher freedom in the shape-change programming of 3D LCN microstructures and expands their applicability in emerging technologies, such as small-scale soft robots and devices and responsive surfaces.
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Registered trials
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