ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2020
SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibody Detection for Seroepidemiology: A Multiplex Analysis Approach Accounting for Accurate Seroprevalence.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 164 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Repeated COVID-19 Vaccination Drives Memory T- and B-cell Responses in Kidney Transplant Recipients: Results From a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.Transplantation · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Alternative strategies to increase the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in kidney transplant recipients not responding to two or three doses of an mRNA vaccine (RECOVAC): a randomised clinical trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2023Trial
- Antibody and T-Cell Responses 6 Months After Coronavirus Disease 2019 Messenger RNA-1273 Vaccination in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease, on Dialysis, or Living With a Kidney Transplant.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Trial
- Efficacy of BCG Vaccination Against Respiratory Tract Infections in Older Adults During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Trial
- Quantitative analysis of mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccination response in immunocompromised adult hematology patients.Blood advances · 2022Trial
- Children and Adults With Mild COVID-19: Dynamics of the Memory T Cell Response up to 10 Months.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- COVID-19 boosters restore virus-specific immune responses in kidney transplant recipients unresponsive to primary vaccination.Npj viruses · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2-specific B cell responses in non-draining lymph nodes and antibody functionalities in immunized end-stage renal disease patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Infection With Alpha B.1.1.7 Virus Induced Higher Antibody Responses Than Earlier Non-VOC Variants During the First Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Norway.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- T-cell and antibody responses in immunocompromised patients with hematologic malignancies indicate strong potential of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines.Haematologica · 2025Article
- Pre-Vaccination Immunotypes and Immune Entropy Are Indicators of Multiple Vaccine Responsiveness.Aging cell · 2025Article
- High SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels after three consecutive BNT162b2 booster vaccine doses in nursing home residents.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Article
- Innate immune response after BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination associates with reactogenicity.Vaccine: X · 2025Article
- Genetic differences in the HLA region contribute to the variability in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine responsiveness of older persons: the Doetinchem Cohort Study.Clinical & translational immunology · 2025Article
- Health characteristics associated with persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses after repeated vaccinations in older persons over time: the Doetinchem cohort study.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2024Article
- Repeated COVID-19 mRNA vaccination results in IgG4 class switching and decreased NK cell activation by S1-specific antibodies in older adults.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2024Article
- Antibody Responses in SARS-CoV-2-Exposed and/or Vaccinated Individuals Target Conserved Epitopes from Multiple CoV-2 Antigens.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- IgG1 glycosylation highlights premature aging in Down syndrome.Aging cell · 2024Article
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic necessitates better understanding of the kinetics of antibody production induced by infection with SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to develop a high-throughput multiplex assay to detect antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 to assess immunity to the virus in the general population.
methodsSpike protein subunits S1 and receptor binding domain, and nucleoprotein were coupled to microspheres. Sera collected before emergence of SARS-CoV-2 (n = 224) and of non-SARS-CoV-2 influenza-like illness (n = 184), and laboratory-confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 115) with various severities of COVID-19 were tested for SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG concentrations.
resultsOur assay discriminated SARS-CoV-2-induced antibodies and those induced by other viruses. The assay specificity was 95.1%-99.0% with sensitivity 83.6%-95.7%. By merging the test results for all 3 antigens a specificity of 100% was achieved with a sensitivity of at least 90%. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients developed higher IgG concentrations and the rate of IgG production increased faster compared to nonhospitalized cases.
conclusionsThe bead-based serological assay for quantitation of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies proved to be robust and can be conducted in many laboratories. We demonstrated that testing of antibodies against multiple antigens increases sensitivity and specificity compared to single-antigen-specific IgG determination.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.