ReviewNutrition reviews2021
From carotenoid intake to carotenoid blood and tissue concentrations - implications for dietary intake recommendations.
Review in Nutrition reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 114 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
114 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- The Association between Circulating Carotenoids and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- CaroRite™ for improving skin health and the visible signs of aging - a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Frontiers in aging · 2026Trial
- Tomato Puree Enrichment in a High-Fat Meal Reduces Postprandial Plasma and Adipose Tissue Inflammation Biomarkers in Healthy Male Adults: A Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Dietary intake of preformed vitamin A and provitamin A carotenoids are not associated with serum retinol and carotenoid concentrations among children 36-59 months of age in rural Burkina Faso: a cross-sectional study.European journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- Consumption of Eggs Alone or Enriched with Annatto (Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Evaluation of Carotenoid Bioaccessibility in Selected Dietary Sources Using a Modified INFOGESTACS food science & technology · 2026Article
- Examining Demographic Variables Associated with Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Skin Yellowness.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Iontophoresis Drug Delivery to the Macula of Lutein for Age Related Macular Degeneration.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Dietary Carotenoid Intake, Gut Microbial Diversity, and Community Composition in Latino Emerging Adults.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Healing from the Ocean: Targeting Shared Mechanisms in Autism and Epilepsy Using Algae-Derived Compounds.Marine drugs · 2026Review
- Pre-Diagnostic Plasma Carotenoids, Tocopherols and Retinol Levels, and Risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- Serum carotenoids modify the association between porphyromonas gingivalis IgG and mortality: a prospective cohort study with 25.8 years of follow-up.BMC nutrition · 2026Article
- Genetic Determinants of Interindividual Differences in Provitamin A Carotenoid Concentrations in Human Adipose Tissue.Molecular nutrition & food research · 2026Observational
- Antioxidants in Plant-Based Food Matrices: From Structure-Activity and Degradation Kinetics to Formulation Design.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- A Narrative Review of Candidate Biomarkers of Total Fruit and Vegetable Intake.Nutrition bulletin · 2026Review
- Associations between carotenoids and rheumatoid arthritis risk: evidence from two population-based studies.Nutrition journal · 2026Article
54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There is uncertainty regarding carotenoid intake recommendations, because positive and negative health effects have been found or are correlated with carotenoid intake and tissue levels (including blood, adipose tissue, and the macula), depending on the type of study (epidemiological vs intervention), the dose (physiological vs supraphysiological) and the matrix (foods vs supplements, isolated or used in combination). All these factors, combined with interindividual response variations (eg, depending on age, sex, disease state, genetic makeup), make the relationship between carotenoid intake and their blood/tissue concentrations often unclear and highly variable. Although blood total carotenoid concentrations <1000 nmol/L have been related to increased chronic disease risk, no dietary reference intakes (DRIs) exist. Although high total plasma/serum carotenoid concentrations of up to 7500 nmol/L are achievable after supplementation, a plateauing effect for higher doses and prolonged intake is apparent. In this review and position paper, the current knowledge on carotenoids in serum/plasma and tissues and their relationship to dietary intake and health status is summarized with the aim of proposing suggestions for a "normal," safe, and desirable range of concentrations that presumably are beneficial for health. Existing recommendations are likewise evaluated and practical dietary suggestions are included.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.