ArticleTransplantation direct2020
Evidence for GTKO/β4GalNT2KO Pigs as the Preferred Organ-source for Old World Nonhuman Primates as a Preclinical Model of Xenotransplantation.
Article in Transplantation direct, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Swine Leukocyte Antigen-12 Behaves Like a Swine Leukocyte Antigen Classical Class I Protein and is a Potential Xenoantigen in Humans.Transplantation direct · 2026Article
- Xenotransplantation: Promises and Perils.Annual review of medicine · 2026Review
- Xeno kidney: revolutionizing kidney disease treatment.Frontiers in nephrology · 2026Review
- Brain-dead humans as preclinical reference models for xenotransfusion: bridging nonhuman primates and clinical applications throughFrontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Future Therapy for End-Stage Kidney Failure: Gene-Edited Pig Kidney Xenotransplantation.Kidney medicine · 2025Review
- Pediatric partial heart xenotransplantation as an early use case of xenograft tissue.Future cardiology · 2025Review
- Addressing glycan and hematological barriers in pig-to-nonhuman primate liver xenotransplantation: challenges and future directions.Clinical transplantation and research · 2025Review
- Pretransplant Screening for Prevention of Hyperacute Graft Loss in Pig-to-primate Kidney Xenotransplantation.Transplantation · 2024Article
- The Evolution of Immunosuppressive Therapy in Pig-to-Nonhuman Primate Organ Transplantation.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2024Review
- Progress in Orthotopic Pig Heart Transplantation in Nonhuman Primates.Transplant international : official journal of the European Society for Organ Transplantation · 2024Review
- The Importance of Animal Models in Biomedical Research: Current Insights and Applications.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Cardiac xenotransplantation: from concept to clinic.Cardiovascular research · 2023Review
- Innate Immune Response Analysis in Meniscus Xenotransplantation Using Normal and Triple Knockout Jeju Native Pigs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- An Efficacious Transgenic Strategy for Triple Knockout of Xeno-Reactive Antigen Genes GGTA1, CMAH, and B4GALNT2 from Jeju Native Pigs.Vaccines · 2022Article
- The 2021 IXA Keith Reemtsma Lecture: Moving xenotransplantation to the clinic.Xenotransplantation · 2022Review
- Serum Antibody Binding and Cytotoxicity to Pig Cells in Chinese Subjects: Relevance to Clinical Renal Xenotransplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Both Natural and Induced Anti-Sda Antibodies Play Important Roles in GTKO Pig-to-Rhesus Monkey Xenotransplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Xenotransplantation: A New Era.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Kidney transplantation from triple-knockout pigs expressing multiple human proteins in cynomolgus macaques.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2022Article
- Histopathology of pig kidney grafts with/without expression of the carbohydrate Neu5Gc in immunosuppressed baboons.Xenotransplantation · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTriple-knockout (TKO) pigs (in which expression of the 3 known pig carbohydrate xenoantigens has been deleted) are likely to be an optimal source of organs for transplantation into human recipients, many of whom do not have natural antibodies against TKO pig cells. However, old world monkeys, for example, baboons, have natural antibodies directed to TKO cells (to a "fourth" xenoantigen that is exposed after TKO).
methodsWe measured (1) anti-pig IgM/IgG binding, and (2) complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), by flow cytometry to α1,3-galactosyltransfearse gene-knockout (GTKO), GTKO/β4GalNT2KO (that do
resultsMean IgM antibody binding to GTKO/β4GalNT2KO pig PBMCs was significantly lower than to GTKO or TKO pig PBMCs (
conclusionsAlthough TKO pigs form the basis for proposed clinical trials of xenotransplantation, it is difficult to identify baboons with a low or negative CDC to TKO pigs. For pig-to-baboon organ transplantation, the use of GTKO/β4GalNT2KO pigs would be preferable. The use of SPF baboons as recipients might be a minor advantage.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.