ReviewFrontiers in cardiovascular medicine2020
Covid-19 Kills More Men Than Women: An Overview of Possible Reasons.
Review in Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed.
- Electrophysiological and Molecular Features of Remdesivir-Induced Cardiac Toxicity in Male and Female Guinea Pigs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Predictors of Severe Outcomes in COVID-19: Evidence from Real-World Multicenter Retrospective Study (2020-2024).Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Understanding sex and gender disparities in COVID-19 mortality: a narrative review beyond biology.Biology of sex differences · 2025Review
- Sex Steroids in COVID-19 Patients with Hypertension: An Exploratory Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Severe COVID-19 in Non-Smokers: Predictive Factors and Outcomes.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Comprehensive assessment of COVID-19 case fatality rate and influential factors in Khuzestan Province, Iran: a two-year study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2024Article
- Differential Inflammatory and Immune Response to Viral Infection in the Upper-Airway and Peripheral Blood of Mild COVID-19 Cases.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
- Assessing SARS-CoV-2 Testing Adherence in a University Town: Recurrent Event Modeling Analysis.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Sex and gender differences and pharmacovigilance: a knot still to be untied.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- The impact of COVID-19 on "biological aging".Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- New insights on the potential effect of progesterone in Covid-19: Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Review
- Butyrate Protects against SARS-CoV-2-Induced Tissue Damage in Golden Hamsters.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- COVID-19 therapeutics: Clinical application of repurposed drugs and futuristic strategies for target-based drug discovery.Genes & diseases · 2023Review
- Retrospective Analysis of the Outcome of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with Coexisting Metabolic Syndrome and HIV Using Multinomial Logistic Regression.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- The Impact of COVID-19 on People Living with HIV-1 and HIV-1-Associated Neurological Complications.Viruses · 2023Review
- The Impact of COVID-19 on Radiotherapy Services in Scotland, UK: A Population-based Study.Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain)) · 2023Article
- Article
- Biological sex and age-related differences shape the antiviral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Sex differences in patients with COVID-19 after bariatric surgery: a multicenter cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Mindfulness and psychological distress in men during the COVID-19 pandemic: The mediating role of environmental mastery and purpose in life.Counselling and psychotherapy research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The high mortality observed in Covid-19 patients may be related to unrecognized pulmonary embolism, pulmonary thrombosis, or other underlying cardiovascular diseases. Recent data have highlighted that the mortality rate of Covid-19 seems to be higher in male patients compared to females. In this paper, we have analyzed possible factors that may underline this sex difference in terms of activity of the immune system and its modulation by sex hormones, coagulation pattern, and preexisting cardiovascular diseases as well as effects deriving from smoking and drinking habits. Future studies are needed to evaluate the effects of sex differences on the prevalence of infections, including Covid-19, its outcome, and the responses to antiviral treatments.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.