ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2020
Size-Dependent Cytotoxicity of Hydroxyapatite Crystals on Renal Epithelial Cells.
Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Surface-Exposed Hydroxyapatite Microparticles in Electrospun PLLA Scaffolds: Mechanical Reinforcement and Osteogenic Response.Polymers · 2026Article
- FASLG Derived from Fibroblasts in Hydroxyapatite-Rich Microenvironment Induces Urothelial Anoikis to Trigger Randall's Plaque Exposure.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The Application of Nanomaterials in Kidney Stone Disease: Emerging Strategies for Early Diagnosis, Targeted Therapy, and Prevention.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Differences in macrophage pyroptosis and polarization induced by nano-/micro-calcium oxalate crystals.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHydroxyapatite (HAP) is a common component of most idiopathic calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones and is often used as a nidus to induce the formation of CaOx kidney stones.
methodsThis work comparatively studies the cytotoxicity of four kinds of HAP crystals with different sizes (40 nm to 2 μm), namely, HAP-40 nm, HAP-70 nm, HAP-1 μm, and HAP-2 μm, on human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2).
resultsHAP crystals reduce the viability and membrane integrity of HK-2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner and consequently cause cytoskeleton damage, cell swelling, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species level, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased intracellular calcium concentration, blocked cell cycle and stagnation in G0/G1 phase, and increased cell necrosis rate. HAP toxicity to HK-2 cells increases with a decrease in crystal size.
conclusionCell damage caused by HAP crystals increases the risk of kidney stone formation.
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Registered trials
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