ReviewClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2020
The Evolution of Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Programmes: A Chronology of Retinal Photography from 35 mm Slides to Artificial Intelligence.
Review in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Risk Stratification for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Order Using Deep Learning: A Multicenter Prospective Study.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Trial
- Clinical, Socioeconomic, and Demographic Factors Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy in a Hospital-Based Screening Program: A Cross-Sectional Study in Oslo, Norway.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Thirty-Two Years Screening for Diabetic Retinopathy in a Single Centre: An Assessment of Visual Outcomes.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A fundus image dataset for intelligent diabetic retinopathy system.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Choroidal nevus candidacy for monitoring in a virtual photoscreening pathway.European journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- How early can we detect diabetic retinopathy? A narrative review of imaging tools for structural assessment of the retina.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Review
- Artificial intelligence for early detection of diabetes mellitus complications via retinal imaging.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Telemedicine in ophthalmology.Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2025Review
- Improving diabetic retinopathy screening using artificial intelligence: design, evaluation and before-and-after study of a custom development.Frontiers in digital health · 2025Article
- Narrative review of comprehensive management strategies for diabetic retinopathy: interdisciplinary approaches and future perspectives.BMJ public health · 2025Review
- Unmasking biases and navigating pitfalls in the ophthalmic artificial intelligence lifecycle: A narrative review.PLOS digital health · 2024Review
- Implementation of Artificial Intelligence-Based Diabetic Retinopathy Screening in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Quebec: Prospective Validation Study.JMIR diabetes · 2024Article
- A qualitative study to understand the barriers and enablers of access to diabetic screening services in Nigeria.International journal of community medicine and public health · 2024Article
- Patients with Type 2 Diabetes, Higher Blood Pressure, and Infrequent Fundus Examinations Have a Higher Risk of Sight-Threatening Retinopathy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Image quality assessment of retinal fundus photographs for diabetic retinopathy in the machine learning era: a review.Eye (London, England) · 2024Review
- Teleophthalmology and retina: a review of current tools, pathways and services.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2023Review
- Building a new regional home for implementation science: Annual Midwest Clinical & Translational Research Meetings.Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research · 2023Article
- Performance of a Support Vector Machine Learning Tool for Diagnosing Diabetic Retinopathy in Clinical Practice.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Single retinal image for diabetic retinopathy screening: performance of a handheld device with embedded artificial intelligence.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2023Article
- The application of artificial intelligence in diabetic retinopathy screening: a Saudi Arabian perspective.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
As a third of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) will suffer the microvascular complications of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and therapeutic options can effectively prevent visual impairment, systematic screening has substantially reduced disease burden in developed countries. In an effort to tackle the rising incidence of DM, screening programmes have modernized in synchrony with technical and infrastructural advancements. Patient evaluation has shifted from face-to-face ophthalmologist-based review delivered through community grassroots to asynchronous store-and-forward modern telemedicine platforms commissioned on a nationwide scale. First pioneered with primitive 35-mm slide film retinal photography, the last decade has seen an emergence of high resolution and widefield imaging devices, which may reveal extents of DR indiscernible to the clinician but with implications of potential earlier identification. Similar progress has been seen in image analysis approaches - automated image analysis of retinal photographs of DR has evolved from qualitative feature detection to rules-based algorithms to autonomous artificial intelligence-powered classification. Such models have, relatively rapidly, been validated and are now receiving approval from health regulation authorities with deployment into the clinical sphere. In this review, we chart the evolution of global DR screening programmes since their inception highlighting major milestones in healthcare infrastructure, telemedicine approaches and imaging devices that have shaped the robust and effective frameworks recognised today. We also provide an outlook for the future of DR screening in the context of recent technological advancements with respect to their limitations in current times.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.