ArticleJournal of endodontics2020
Immunomodulation Mediated by Azithromycin in Experimental Periapical Inflammation.
Article in Journal of endodontics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Azithromycin alleviates post-inflammatory wheezing in children by inhibiting SETD1B-mediated histone H3K4me3 methylation and macrophage polarization.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Azithromycin in Dentistry: From Systemic Antibiotic to a Candidate for Local Therapeutic Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Immunotherapies based on macrophage reprogramming in periodontitis and apical periodontitis.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Review
- Injectable thermosensitive antibiotic-laden chitosan hydrogel for regenerative endodontics.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- Investigation of the relationship between apical periodontitis and host modulation provided by nutritional supplement: a study in rats.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Influence of systemic antibiotic therapy on the development and progression of induced apical periodontitis in Wistar rats.Odontology · 2024Article
- Synthetic high-density lipoprotein (sHDL): a bioinspired nanotherapeutics for managing periapical bone inflammation.International journal of oral science · 2024Article
- Bone Formation and Maintenance in Oral Surgery: The Decisive Role of the Immune System-A Narrative Review of Mechanisms and Solutions.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Azithromycin with scaling and root planing versus scaling and root planing alone in the treatment of periodontitis: A randomized controlled trial.The Saudi dental journal · 2023Article
- [Akt2 inhibitor promotes M2 macrophage polarization in rats with periapical inflammation by reducing miR-155-5p expression].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2023Article
- Next-generation biomaterials for dental pulp tissue immunomodulation.Dental materials : official publication of the Academy of Dental Materials · 2023Review
- Three-dimensional cellular visualization in mouse apical periodontitis using combined whole-mount staining and optical tissue clearing.Journal of oral biosciences · 2023Article
- Erythromycin Restores Osteoblast Differentiation and Osteogenesis Suppressed byPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Clinical Efficacy of Ulinastatin Combined with Azithromycin in the Treatment of Severe Pneumonia in Children and the Effects on Inflammatory Cytokines and Oxidative Stress: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Infection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- Electrospun Azithromycin-Laden Gelatin Methacryloyl Fibers for Endodontic Infection Control.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Macrophage M1 polarization mediated via the IL-6/STAT3 pathway contributes to apical periodontitis induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis.Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB · 2022Article
- Macrophages in periapical lesions: Potential roles and future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Effect of Azithromycin on Mineralized Nodule Formation in MC3T3-E1 Cells.Current issues in molecular biology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe purpose of the present study was to compare the immunomodulatory effect of azithromycin (AZM), ampicillin (AMP), amoxicillin (AMX), and clindamycin (CLI) in vitro and AZM on preexisting periapical lesions compared with AMP.
methodsThe susceptibility of 4 common human endodontic pathogens (Parvimonas micra, Streptococcus intermedius, Prevotella intermedia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum) to AZM, AMP, AMX, and CLI was confirmed by agar disk diffusion assay. Preexisting periapical lesions in C57BL/6J mice were treated with AZM, AMP, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Periapical bone healing and the pattern of inflammatory cell infiltration were evaluated after a 10-day treatment by micro-computed tomographic and histology, respectively. Besides, the effect of antibiotics in pathogen-stimulated nuclear factor kappa B activation and the production of interleukin 1 alpha and tumor necrosis factor alpha was assessed in vitro by luciferase assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
resultsAll examined endodontic pathogens were susceptible to AZM, AMP, AMX, and CLI. AZM significantly attenuated periapical bone loss versus PBS. PBS resulted in widely diffused infiltration of mixed inflammatory cells. By contrast, AZM brought about localized infiltration of neutrophils and M2 macrophages and advanced fibrosis. Although the effect of AMP on bone was uncertain, inflammatory cell infiltration was considerably milder than PBS. However, most macrophages observed seemed to be M1 macrophages. AZM suppressed pathogen-stimulated nuclear factor kappa B activation and cytokine production, whereas AMP, AMX, and CLI reduced only cytokine production moderately.
conclusionsThis study showed that AZM led to the resolution of preexisting experimental periapical inflammation. Our data provide a perspective on host response in antibiotic selection for endodontic treatment. However, well-designed clinical trials are necessary to better elucidate the benefits of AZM as an adjunctive therapy for endodontic treatment when antibiotic therapy is recommended. Although both AZM and AMP were effective on preexisting periapical lesions, AZM led to advanced wound healing, probably depending on its immunomodulatory effect.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.