Observational studyAnnals of epidemiology2020
Marijuana use and pneumonia risk in a cohort of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men.
Observational study in Annals of epidemiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recreational drug inhalation and socioenvironmental determinants of pulmonary infection in patients with HIV: a hospital-based case control study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory Actions of Cannabinoids: Clinical Correlates and Therapeutic Opportunities for Allergic Inflammation.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe prevalence of marijuana use is increasing in the United States. Marijuana smoking has been shown to impair the microbicidal activity of alveolar macrophages and decrease the number of ciliated epithelial cells in the bronchi with a parallel increase in the number of mucus-secreting surface epithelial cells, which may increase the risk of pneumonia. However, it remains unclear whether there is an association between smoking marijuana and pneumonia.
methodsUsing data from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), a long-term observational cohort study of men who have sex with men in the United States, we used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the risk of pneumonia among HIV-infected (n = 2784) and HIV-uninfected (n = 2665) men from 1984 to 2013, adjusted for time-varying and fixed baseline covariates.
resultsWeekly or daily marijuana use was not significantly associated with increased risk of pneumonia among HIV-uninfected men (adjusted hazard ratio; 95% confidence limits: 0.83, 0.56-1.23). In the disaggregated dose-response analysis, daily use (0.68, 0.34-1.35) was associated with a lower point estimate than weekly use [0.99, 0.79-1.25].
conclusionMarijuana smoking was not associated with a significant increase in risk of pneumonia among HIV-infected or HIV-uninfected men.
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Registered trials
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