Trial reportBMC psychology2020
Differential and shared effects of psychological skills training and mindfulness training on performance-relevant psychological factors in sport: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in BMC psychology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Psychological skills and mindfulness for distance runners: a systematic review of performance, psychological outcomes, and implications for coaching practice.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- The impact of mindfulness intervention on emotion regulation in athletes: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Mindfulness-based interventions for competitive anxiety in athletes: the moderating role of control type-Preliminary evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Promoting Athletic Performance and Related Factors among Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Enhancing psychological skills and well-being in sport through an app-based blended intervention: a randomized controlled pilot study.BMC psychology · 2025Trial
- The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Interventions in Enhancing Psychological Well-Being in Athletes: A Scoping Review of Randomised Controlled Trials.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Effect of a Mindfulness-Based Training on Soccer Skills and Mental Focus in Male Students Aged 10 to 14.International journal of school health · 2026Article
- Trait mindfulness, psychological skills, and mental toughness in paddleboard athletes: A correlational study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Mindfulness and psychological distress among Chinese taekwondo athletes: the mediating roles of stress, self-management, and brooding.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- From mind to match: the impact of psychological skills intervention programs on football players' mental toughness, decision-making, and tactical skills: a randomized controlled group study.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- The effect of attention on wellbeing in combat sport athletes: the mediating role of competitive anxiety.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- The Efficacy of a Mental Skills Training Course for Collegiate Athletes.Journal of athletic training · 2024Article
- The relationship between mindfulness and athletes' mental skills may be explained by emotion regulation and self-regulation.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Sporting Mind: The Interplay of Physical Activity and Psychological Health.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Supporting transplant athletes: perspectives on delivery of a sports performance and well-being service at the British Transplant Games.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
- Effects of mindfulness intervention on competition state anxiety in sprinters-a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Mindfully missing myself: Induced mindfulness causes alienation among poor self-regulators.PloS one · 2024Article
- Association of Mindfulness with Perfectionism, Exercise Self-Efficacy, and Competitive State Anxiety in Injured Athletes Returning to Sports.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Impact of a Psychological Skills Training and Mindfulness-Based Intervention on the Mental Toughness, Competitive Anxiety, and Coping Skills of Futsal Players-A Longitudinal Convergent Mixed-Methods Design.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Assessing Decentering Capacity in Athletes: A Moderated Mediation Model.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMental training intends to support athletes in mastering challenges in sport. The aim of our study was to investigate the differential and shared effects of psychological skills training and mindfulness training on psychological variables relevant to athletic performance (e.g., handling emotions or attention control). We assumed that each approach has its own strengths (e.g., mindfulness has a differential effect on the acceptance of emotions), but for some goals (e.g., attention control), both training forms are expected to be equally successful (i.e., shared effects).
methodsA total of 95 athletes (M
resultsBoth interventions passed the manipulation check, that is, PST led to more mental strategies being used (probabilities > 95%), and MT led to an increase in two of three aspects of mindfulness (probabilities > 98%) when compared to WL. Compared to WL, both interventions equally improved in the ability to not let emotions interfere with performance (probabilities > 99%) and in controlling attention in training and competition (probabilities > 89%). To a lesser extend, both interventions showed shared improvements in dealing with failure indicated by more action orientation (probabilities > 82%). We found a differential effect of MT on decreased experiential avoidance: MT decreased compared to WL and PST (probabilities > 92%), whereas PST did not differ from WL.
conclusionWe conclude that both forms of mental training lead to improvements in performance-relevant psychological factors, especially concerning the handling of emotions and attention control. The results of our study suggest that different paths may lead to the desired outcomes, and accordingly, both forms of mental training seem justified. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN11147748 , date of registration: July 11, 2016.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.