ReviewMolecular cancer2020
Natural killer cells in cancer biology and therapy.
Review in Molecular cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 532 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
532 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Immunomodulatory Effects of Anesthetic Techniques in Lung Cancer Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- High-Intensity Interval Training Boosts Immune Cells in Advanced Cancer Patients and Healthy Controls: Implications for Cancer Care.Cancer medicine · 2026Trial
- Impact of the 5A nursing model on immune balance and lymph node metastasis in primary liver cancer patients post-CyberKnife treatment.BMC cancer · 2025Trial
- Trial
- The impact of gut microbiota and metabolite-driven immune cell spatiotemporal dynamics on tumors.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of tumor cell evasion from NK cell-mediated killing and advances in NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy.Pharmaceutical science advances · 2026Review
- Pan-Cancer Analysis of the Immunomodulatory Roles and Prognostic Value of PDXP and Experimental Verification in SKCM.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Cell-based immunotherapy for neurodegenerative disease: A promising avenue.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Natural killer cell-based therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): A literature review.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Review
- Phenotypic and functional characterization of tumor-reactive T cells in malignant pleural effusions.Cancer immunology research · 2026Article
- Metabolic reprogramming via LDHB confers resistance to lactate-induced dysfunction and enhanced antitumor activity in hiPSC-Derived NK cells.Stem cell reports · 2026Article
- Nicotinamide mononucleotide potentiates the anti-tumor efficacy of CAR-NK cell therapy targeting MSLN in ovarian cancer.Cancer gene therapy · 2026Article
- Cancer heterogeneity explored through immune cell deconvolution of the tumor microenvironment.Quantitative biology (Beijing, China) · 2026Article
- Ascites reprograms innate lymphoid immune cells in ovarian cancer by promoting ILC2 enrichment and dysfunctional NK-cell states.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- The CREM-IL-15 axis: decoding the persistence-exhaustion paradox in NK cell immunotherapy.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Review
- Glypican-3-targeted therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: biological insights and therapeutic strategies.Cancer gene therapy · 2026Review
- PANX2 Suppresses Lung Adenocarcinoma Progression by Inducing Disulfidptosis and Enhancing Antitumor Immunity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Immune Cytolytic Activity Correlates with Tumor Microenvironmental Aberrations in Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Review
- Virus-like particles in cancer immunotherapy: bridging human and veterinary medicine through one health.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
472 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is highly complex, and immune escape is currently considered an important hallmark of cancer, largely contributing to tumor progression and metastasis. Named for their capability of killing target cells autonomously, natural killer (NK) cells serve as the main effector cells toward cancer in innate immunity and are highly heterogeneous in the microenvironment. Most current treatment options harnessing the tumor microenvironment focus on T cell-immunity, either by promoting activating signals or suppressing inhibitory ones. The limited success achieved by T cell immunotherapy highlights the importance of developing new-generation immunotherapeutics, for example utilizing previously ignored NK cells. Although tumors also evolve to resist NK cell-induced cytotoxicity, cytokine supplement, blockade of suppressive molecules and genetic engineering of NK cells may overcome such resistance with great promise in both solid and hematological malignancies. In this review, we summarized the fundamental characteristics and recent advances of NK cells within tumor immunometabolic microenvironment, and discussed potential application and limitations of emerging NK cell-based therapeutic strategies in the era of presicion medicine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.