ArticleMolecular biology and evolution2021
When Sex Chromosomes Recombine Only in the Heterogametic Sex: Heterochiasmy and Heterogamety in Hyla Tree Frogs.
Article in Molecular biology and evolution, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Same Sex Chromosomes With Independent Origins in Haplochromine Cichlids.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Gene Duplication, Translocation, and Molecular Evolution ofBiomolecules · 2025Article
- Chromosome-level genome assembly of the Tyrrhenian tree frog (Hyla sarda).Scientific data · 2025Article
- The Heterogametic Transition in European Bufo Toads Switches the Sex Linkage of Key Vertebrate Sex Determination Genes and Associates with a Large Sex Chromosome Effect.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Extreme heterochiasmy and high rates of sex-reversed recombination result in large yet homomorphic sex chromosomes in the Emei moustache toad.Genome research · 2025Article
- Sex Chromosome Evolution: Hallmarks and Question Marks.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Review
- A high-density linkage map reveals broad- and fine-scale sex differences in recombination in the hihi (stitchbird; Notiomystis cincta).Heredity · 2024Article
- Homology in Sex Determination in Two Distant Spiny Frogs,Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Article
- Independent Evolution of Sex Chromosomes and Male Pregnancy-Related Genes in Two Seahorse Species.Molecular biology and evolution · 2023Article
- Repeated turnovers keep sex chromosomes young in willows.Genome biology · 2022Article
- Heterogeneous Evolution of Sex Chromosomes in the Torrent Frog GenusInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Highly rapid and diverse sex chromosome evolution in the Odorrana frog species complex.Development, growth & differentiation · 2022Article
- Sex chromosomes as supergenes of speciation: why amphibians defy the rules?Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2022Review
- Heterochiasmy and the establishment of gsdf as a novel sex determining gene in Atlantic halibut.PLoS genetics · 2022Article
- Mass of genes rather than master genes underlie the genomic architecture of amphibian speciation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Sex-chromosome evolution in frogs: what role for sex-antagonistic genes?Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2021Article
- Evolutionary dynamics of the human pseudoautosomal regions.PLoS genetics · 2021Article
- Review
- Hybridization and introgression between toads with different sex chromosome systems.Evolution letters · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sex chromosomes are classically predicted to stop recombining in the heterogametic sex, thereby enforcing linkage between sex-determining (SD) and sex-antagonistic (SA) genes. With the same rationale, a pre-existing sex asymmetry in recombination is expected to affect the evolution of heterogamety, for example, a low rate of male recombination might favor transitions to XY systems, by generating immediate linkage between SD and SA genes. Furthermore, the accumulation of deleterious mutations on nonrecombining Y chromosomes should favor XY-to-XY transitions (which discard the decayed Y), but disfavor XY-to-ZW transitions (which fix the decayed Y as an autosome). Like many anuran amphibians, Hyla tree frogs have been shown to display drastic heterochiasmy (males only recombine at chromosome tips) and are typically XY, which seems to fit the above expectations. Instead, here we demonstrate that two species, H. sarda and H. savignyi, share a common ZW system since at least 11 Ma. Surprisingly, the typical pattern of restricted male recombination has been maintained since then, despite female heterogamety. Hence, sex chromosomes recombine freely in ZW females, not in ZZ males. This suggests that heterochiasmy does not constrain heterogamety (and vice versa), and that the role of SA genes in the evolution of sex chromosomes might have been overemphasized.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.