Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32760811›Full record

ArticleWellcome open research2019

Guidelines for performing Mendelian randomization investigations: update for summer 2023.

Stephen Burgess, George Davey Smith, Neil M Davies, Frank Dudbridge, Dipender Gill, M Maria Glymour, Fernando P Hartwig, Zoltán Kutalik, Michael V Holmes, Cosetta Minelli and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Wellcome open research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1,520 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1,520citing papers in PubMed, 13 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1,520 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  4. Does illicit drug use increase stroke risk? A systematic review, meta-analyses, and Mendelian randomization analysis.International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke Society · 2026
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  19. UBE2L6 drives ulcerative colitis progression by promoting BIRC2 degradation and activating non-canonical NF-κB signalling.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026
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1,460 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Stephen BurgessMRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5365-8760
George Davey SmithMRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1407-8314
Neil M DaviesMRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2460-0508
Frank DudbridgeDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Dipender GillDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7312-7078
M Maria GlymourDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Fernando P HartwigMRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3729-0710
Zoltán KutalikSwiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Michael V HolmesMRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6617-0879
Cosetta MinelliNational Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9166-3958
Jean V MorrisonDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Wei PanDivision of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Caroline L ReltonMRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Evropi TheodoratouCentre for Global Health, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5887-9132

Funding

Causal and integrative deep learning for Alzheimer's disease geneticsU01AG073079 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI PAN, WEI · 2021 to 2025
$3.5M
Discovering causal genes, brain regions and other risk factors for Alzheimer's DiseaseR01AG065636 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI PAN, WEI · 2020 to 2024
$3.1M
Integrating Alzheimer's disease GWAS with proteomic and metabolomic QTL dataRF1AG067924 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI PAN, WEI · 2020 to 2020
$1.9M
British Heart Foundation FS/18/23/33512Cancer Research UK 22804Medical Research Council MC_UU_00002/7Medical Research Council MC_UU_00032/1Medical Research Council MC_UU_12013/1Medical Research Council MC_UU_12013/9NIA NIH HHS R01 AG065636NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG067924NIA NIH HHS U01 AG073079Wellcome Trust 204623
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This paper provides guidelines for performing Mendelian randomization investigations. It is aimed at practitioners seeking to undertake analyses and write up their findings, and at journal editors and reviewers seeking to assess Mendelian randomization manuscripts. The guidelines are divided into ten sections: motivation and scope, data sources, choice of genetic variants, variant harmonization, primary analysis, supplementary and sensitivity analyses (one section on robust statistical methods and one on other approaches), extensions and additional analyses, data presentation, and interpretation. These guidelines will be updated based on feedback from the community and advances in the field. Updates will be made periodically as needed, and at least every 24 months.

Indexed as

causal inferencegenetic epidemiologyguidelinesMendelian randomization

Identifiers

PMID32760811
PMCPMC7384151

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.