ArticlePloS one2020
Oral cancer: Clinicopathological features and associated risk factors in a high risk population presenting to a major tertiary care center in Pakistan.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
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49 citing papers in PubMed, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Trends in cancer burden in Pakistan: a 30-year analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study (1990-2019).Ecancermedicalscience · 2026Article
- Machine Learning Based Multi-Class Classification and Grading of Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Optical Microscopy.Microscopy research and technique · 2025Article
- Association of PD-1 immune checkpoint polymorphisms with oral cancer risk: results from a Pakistani case-control study.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Tobacco-Driven Oral Cancer in India: Clinicopathological Correlates and Prevention Priorities.Cureus · 2025Article
- Association of ALDH3A1 expression with tumor differentiation, pathological stage, and nodal status in oral squamous cell carcinoma.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2025Article
- Study of Cyclin D1 Expression in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Oral Cavity.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2025Article
- Study on Tumor Budding and Immunoexpression of Cancer Stem Cell Marker ALDH1 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Cureus · 2025Article
- Determinants of oral cavity cancer recurrence in Pakistan: findings from a cross-sectional study using an institutional cancer registry.BMC cancer · 2025Article
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- Reassessing operability in T4b oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: a comparative analysis of radiological classification and surgeons' perspective.Ecancermedicalscience · 2025Article
- Changes in risk habits and influencing factors in the Taiwan oral cancer screening program.PloS one · 2025Article
- Exposure of the Brazilian population to risk factors for oral cancer.Brazilian oral research · 2025Article
- Smokeless Tobacco (SLT) Consumption Behavior and Associated Socio-Demographic Factors Among Bangladeshi Dental Patients.Tobacco use insights · 2025Article
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6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has the highest prevalence in head and neck cancers and is the first and second most common cancer in males and females of Pakistan respectively. Major risk factors include peculiar chewing habits like areca nut, betel quid, and tobacco. The majority of OSCC presents at an advanced stage with poor prognosis. On the face of such a high burden of this preventable cancer, there is a relative lack of recent robust data and its association with known risk factors from Pakistan. The aim of this study was to identify the socioeconomic factors and clinicopathological features that may contribute to the development of OSCC. A total of 186 patients diagnosed and treated at a tertiary care hospital, Karachi Pakistan were recruited. Clinicopathological and socioeconomic information was obtained on a structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was done for demographics and socioeconomic status (SES) while regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between SES and chewing habits, tumor site, and tumor stage. The majority of patients were males and the mean age of OSCC patients was 47.62±12.18 years. Most of the patients belonged to low SES (68.3%) and 77.4% were habitual of chewing. Gender (male) and SES were significantly associated with chewing habits (p<0.05). Odds of developing buccal mucosa tumors in chewers (of any type of substance) and gutka users were 2 and 4 times higher than non-chewers respectively. Middle age, chewing habits, and occupation were significantly associated with late stage presentation of OSCC (p<0.05). In conclusion, male patients belonging to low SES in their forties who had chewing habits for years constituted the bulk of OSCC. Buccal mucosa was the most common site in chewers and the majority presented with late stage tumors.
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