Trial reportToxins2020
Clinical Implications of Difference in Antigenicity of Different Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Preparations: Clinical Take-Home Messages from Our Research Pool and Literature.
Trial report in Toxins, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Secondary Treatment Failure and Immunogenicity With Botulinum Neurotoxin A in Multiple Indications.European journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- The Effect of Micro-Focused Ultrasound Treatment on Intradermal Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection.Toxins · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Botulinum toxin A for post-stroke spasticity: Insights from the French National Hospital Discharge Database (2015-2023).European stroke journal · 2026Article
- Hypersensitivity Reactions Associated With Aesthetic Botulinum Toxin A Injections: A Case Series.Cureus · 2025Article
- Botulinum toxin A for post-stroke spasticity: Insights from the French National Hospital Discharge Database (2015-2023).European stroke journal · 2025Article
- Exploring Nonresponse to Botulinum Toxin in Aesthetics: Narrative Review of Key Trigger Factors and Effective Management Strategies.JMIR dermatology · 2025Review
- Article
- Identifying Different Immunoresistance Risk Profiles Among Experienced Aesthetic Botulinum Neurotoxin A Recipients: A Latent Class Analysis.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2025Article
- Do female and male patients with cervical dystonia respond differently to long-term botulinum neurotoxin therapy?Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Review
- Review
- Real-world Implications of Botulinum Neurotoxin A Immunoresistance for Consumers and Aesthetic Practitioners: Insights from ASCEND Multidisciplinary Panel.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Article
- Article
- Emerging Trends in Botulinum Neurotoxin A Resistance: An International Multidisciplinary Review and Consensus.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2022Article
- Safety of High-Dose Botulinum Toxin Injections for Parotid and Submandibular Gland Radioprotection.Toxins · 2022Article
- The Use of High Initial Doses of Botulinum Toxin Therapy for Cervical Dystonia Is a Risk Factor for Neutralizing Antibody Formation-A Monocentric Cross-Sectional Pilot Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The three different botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) preparations being licensed in Europe and the U.S. differ in protein content, which seems to be a major factor influencing the antigenicity of BoNT/A. In the present study, several arguments out of our research pool were collected to demonstrate that the clinical response and antigenicity were different for the three BoNT/A preparations: some results of (1) a cross-sectional study on clinical outcome and antibody formation of 212 patients with cervical dystonia (CD) being treated between 2 and 22 years; 2) another cross-sectional study on the clinical aspects and neutralizing antibody (NAB) induction of 63 patients having developed partial secondary treatment under abobotulinum (aboBoNT/A) onabotulinumtoxin (onaBoNT/A) who were switched to incobotulinumtoxin (incoBoNT/A) in comparison to 32 patients being exclusively treated with incoBoNT/A. These results imply that (1) the presence of NAB cannot be concluded from the course of treatment, that (2) an increase in the dose and variability of outcome with treatment duration indicates the ongoing induction of NABs over time, that (3) the higher protein load of BoNT/A goes along with a higher incidence and prevalence of NAB induction and that (4) the best response to a BoNT/A is also dependent on the protein load of the preparation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.