Trial reportBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2020
Freeze-all versus fresh blastocyst transfer strategy during in vitro fertilisation in women with regular menstrual cycles: multicentre randomised controlled trial.
Trial report in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 57 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Multicentre Randomized Controlled Trial of a "Freeze All and Transfer Later" Versus a Conventional "Fresh Embryo Transfer" Strategy for Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) in Women With a Regular Menstrual Cycle
How to Rescue Hormonal Replacement Frozen Embryo Transfer Cycle With Low Serum Progesterone? A Randomized Control Trial.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fresh versus Frozen Embryo Transfer in In Vitro Fertilization/Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Cycles: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Neonatal Outcomes.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Pooled it
- Congenital anomaly and perinatal outcome following blastocyst- vs cleavage-stage embryo transfer: systematic review and network meta-analysis.Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2023Pooled it
- Algorithm-based individualization methodology of the starting gonadotropin dose in IVF/ICSI and the freeze-all strategy prevent OHSS equally in normal responders: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of the evidence.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2022Pooled it
- Fresh versus frozen embryo transfers in assisted reproduction.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- The Association Between High Birth Weight and Long-Term Outcomes-Implications for Assisted Reproductive Technologies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Pooled it
- Frozen versus fresh embryo transfer in women with low prognosis for in vitro fertilisation treatment: pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Trial
- Comparative clinical outcome following individualized follitropin delta dosing in Chinese women undergoing ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization /intracytoplasmic sperm injection.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2022Trial
- Transfer of thawed frozen embryo versus fresh embryo to improve the healthy baby rate in women undergoing IVF: the E-Freeze RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2022Trial
- Elective freezing of embryos versus fresh embryo transfer in IVF: a multicentre randomized controlled trial in the UK (E-Freeze).Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2022Trial
- Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in fresh and frozen cycles using blastocysts derived from ovarian stimulation with follitropin delta.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2021Trial
- Fresh embryo transfer versus freeze-only after in vitro maturation with a pre-maturation step in women with high antral follicle count: a randomized controlled pilot study.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2021Trial
- Improved clinical outcomes after non-invasive oocyte selection and Day 3 eSET in ICSI patients.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2021Trial
- Correlation between artificial intelligence-based IDAScore and embryo morphokinetic parameters: a retrospective cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Evaluating progestin-primed and GnRH antagonist ovarian stimulation protocols in PGT-A cycles: implications for clinical practice.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Does Prolonged Preservation of Blastocysts Affect the Implantation and Live Birth Rate? A Danish Nationwide Register-Based Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Relationship between endometrial VFI values detected by three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound and pregnancy outcomes in FET patients and prediction of the optimal VFI range-a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- A Bayesian reevaluation of randomized controlled trials in assisted reproductive technology: quantifying evidence strength for null and alternative hypotheses.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- A retrospective cohort study on the impact of gonadotropin dose on embryo quality and pregnancy outcome: identification of optimal dose range.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Effect of blastocyst quality on neonatal outcomes in frozen embryo transfer cycles: a cohort study.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2025Article
- Enhancing frozen-thawed embryo transfer outcomes and treatment personalization through machine learning models.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo compare the ongoing pregnancy rate between a freeze-all strategy and a fresh transfer strategy in assisted reproductive technology treatment.
designMulticentre, randomised controlled superiority trial.
settingOutpatient fertility clinics at eight public hospitals in Denmark, Sweden, and Spain.
participants460 women aged 18-39 years with regular menstrual cycles starting their first, second, or third treatment cycle of in vitro fertilisation or intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
interventionsWomen were randomised at baseline on cycle day 2 or 3 to one of two treatment groups: the freeze-all group (elective freezing of all embryos) who received gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist triggering and single frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer in a subsequent modified natural cycle; or the fresh transfer group who received human chorionic gonadotropin triggering and single blastocyst transfer in the fresh cycle. Women in the fresh transfer group with more than 18 follicles larger than 11 mm on the day of triggering had elective freezing of all embryos and postponement of transfer as a safety measure.
main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the ongoing pregnancy rate defined as a detectable fetal heart beat after eight weeks of gestation. Secondary outcomes were live birth rate, positive human chorionic gonadotropin rate, time to pregnancy, and pregnancy related, obstetric, and neonatal complications. The primary analysis was performed according to the intention-to-treat principle.
resultsOngoing pregnancy rate did not differ significantly between the freeze-all and fresh transfer groups (27.8% (62/223)
conclusionsIn women with regular menstrual cycles, a freeze-all strategy with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist triggering for final oocyte maturation did not result in higher ongoing pregnancy and live birth rates than a fresh transfer strategy. The findings warrant caution in the indiscriminate application of a freeze-all strategy when no apparent risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is present.
trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT02746562.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.