ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2020
Atazanavir, Alone or in Combination with Ritonavir, Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Replication and Proinflammatory Cytokine Production.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 138 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of the Global Intervention for SARS-CoV-2 Combating: From Drugs Repurposing to Molnupiravir Approval.Drug design, development and therapy · 2022Pooled it
- Computational drug discovery and repurposing for the treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review.Bioorganic chemistry · 2021Pooled it
- Comparing the effectiveness of Atazanavir/Ritonavir/Dolutegravir/Hydroxychloroquine and Lopinavir/Ritonavir/Hydroxychloroquine treatment regimens in COVID-19 patients.Journal of medical virology · 2021Trial
- TPPS4 inhibits PEDV by stabilizing viral RNA G-quadruplex and promoting ER stress: a transfer-learning-driven discovery.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Sensing Compound Substructures Combined with Molecular Fingerprinting to Predict Drug-Target Interactions.Interdisciplinary sciences, computational life sciences · 2026Article
- Humoral immunity and infection status of PLWH following vaccination after the BA.5/BF.7 wave.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Comparative Pharmacovigilance Analysis of Approved and Repurposed Antivirals for COVID-19: Insights from EudraVigilance Data.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Article
- Advances and Challenges in Antiviral Development for Respiratory Viruses.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Plausible mechanism of drug resistance and side-effects of COVID-19 therapeutics: a bottleneck for its eradication.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2024Review
- Newly Proposed Dose of Daclatasvir to Prevent Lethal SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Transgenic ACE-2 Mice.Viruses · 2024Article
- Navigating the COVID-19 Therapeutic Landscape: Unveiling Novel Perspectives on FDA-Approved Medications, Vaccination Targets, and Emerging Novel Strategies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Taming the storm: potential anti-inflammatory compounds targeting SARS-CoV-2 MPro.Inflammopharmacology · 2024Review
- Statine-based peptidomimetic compounds as inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 main protease (SARS-CoV‑2 Mpro).Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Screening for Active Compounds ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Structure and function of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 main proteases and their inhibition: A comprehensive review.European journal of medicinal chemistry · 2023Review
- Antiviral Effect of 5'-Arylchalcogeno-3-aminothymidine Derivatives in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Protein structure-based in-silico approaches to drug discovery: Guide to COVID-19 therapeutics.Molecular aspects of medicine · 2023Review
- e-Pharmacophore modeling and in silico study of CD147 receptor against SARS-CoV-2 drugs.Genomics & informatics · 2023Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is already responsible for far more deaths than previous pathogenic coronaviruses (CoVs) from 2002 and 2012. The identification of clinically approved drugs to be repurposed to combat 2019 CoV disease (COVID-19) would allow the rapid implementation of potentially life-saving procedures. The major protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is considered a promising target, based on previous results from related CoVs with lopinavir (LPV), an HIV protease inhibitor. However, limited evidence exists for other clinically approved antiretroviral protease inhibitors. Extensive use of atazanavir (ATV) as antiretroviral and previous evidence suggesting its bioavailability within the respiratory tract prompted us to study this molecule against SARS-CoV-2. Our results show that ATV docks in the active site of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with greater strength than LPV, blocking Mpro activity. We confirmed that ATV inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication, alone or in combination with ritonavir (RTV) in Vero cells and a human pulmonary epithelial cell line. ATV/RTV also impaired virus-induced enhancement of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels. Together, our data strongly suggest that ATV and ATV/RTV should be considered among the candidate repurposed drugs undergoing clinical trials in the fight against COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.