SynthesisSports health
Risk Factors of Overuse Shoulder Injuries in Overhead Athletes: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Sports health. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 72 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Serratus Anterior Activation and Its Relationship With Shoulder Rotators in Adolescent Volleyball Players With Scapular Dyskinesia During Plank Exercise
Shoulder Injury Prevention in Adolescent Handball Players Based on Scandinavian Protocols: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
Comparison of the Immediate Effect of Flossband and Mobilization With Movement on Shoulder Mobility in Volleyball Athletes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 163 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bibliometric analysis of racket sport-related injuries: global research landscape, hotspots, and trends.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Pooled it
- Intra-articular injections for shoulder arthritis in adults: a systematic review.European journal of medical research · 2025Pooled it
- Risk Factors Associated with New Onset of Shoulder Pain and Injury Among the Athletic Population: A Systematic Review of the Literature.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2025Pooled it
- The effectiveness of instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization on range of motion: a meta-analysis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Pooled it
- Which resistance training is safest to practice? A systematic review.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2023Pooled it
- Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of common shoulder injuries in sport: grading the evidence - a statement paper commissioned by the Danish Society of Sports Physical Therapy (DSSF).British journal of sports medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Nutritional Strategies in the Rehabilitation of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Athletes: A Systematic Integrative Review.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of scapular stabilization and mobilization-based rehabilitation on pain and shoulder function in subacromial impingement syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Trial
- "Investigating the combined effects of scapular-focused training and Mulligan mobilization on shoulder impingement syndrome" a three-arm pilot randomized controlled trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2024Trial
- Inspiratory Strength and Diaphragm Thickness in Tennis Players with and Without Non-Specific Shoulder Pain.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Habitual elbow joint use time is associated with pain adaptation but not strength performance in young adults: a cross-sectional multithreshold classification study.Journal of exercise rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Preseason Screening Tests and Physical Assessments as Predictors of Injury in Handball Players: A Systematic Review.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Rethinking Warm-Up in Overhead Exercise: Acute Shoulder Responses to a Strength- and Mobility-Oriented Protocol in Youth Athletes.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of 8 weeks Federation of International Football Association 11+ S Program on Upper Limb Strength, Power, Co-ordination and Reaction Time in Amateur Level Badminton Players - A Pilot Study.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2026Article
- Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Validity of the Greek Version of the Subjective Patient Outcome for Return to Sports (SPORTS) Score Questionnaire in Athletes with Various Shoulder Pathologies.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Isokinetic shoulder rotator strength profiles in elite male Para athletes.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Clinical and Metabolic Predictors of Response to Focused Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy in Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Shoulder Strength and Total Arc Range of Motion: Associations With Upper-Extremity Joint Kinetics and Ball Velocity in Adolescent Baseball Pitchers.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2026Article
- Throwing volume in handball: differences across playing positions and training exercises?Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Shoulder Internal and External Rotator Strength Reliability and Validity in Healthy Adolescent Athletes.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2026Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextShoulder injuries are highly prevalent in sports involving the upper extremity. Some risk factors have been identified in the literature, but consensus is still lacking.
objectivesTo identify risk factors of overuse shoulder injury in overhead athletes, as described in the literature. DATA SOURCES: A systematic review of the literature from the years 1970 to 2018 was performed using 2 electronic databases: PubMed and Scopus. STUDY SELECTION: Prospective studies, written in English, that described at least 1 risk factor associated with overuse shoulder injuries in overhead sports (volleyball, handball, basketball, swimming, water polo, badminton, baseball, and tennis) were considered for analysis. STUDY
designSystematic review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 3. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were extracted from 25 studies. Study methodology quality was evaluated using the Modified Coleman Methodology Score.
resultsIntrinsic factors, previous injury, range of motion (lack or excess), and rotator cuff weakness (isometric and isokinetic) highly increase the risk of future injuries. Additionally, years of athletic practice, body mass index, sex, age, and level of play seem to have modest influence. As for the effect of scapular dysfunction on shoulder injuries, it is still controversial, though these are typically linked. Extrinsic factors, field position, condition of practice (match/training), time of season, and training load also have influence on the occurrence of shoulder injuries.
conclusionRange of motion, rotator cuff muscle weakness, and training load are important modifiable factors associated with shoulder injuries. Scapular dysfunction may also have influence. The preventive approach for shoulder injury should focus on these factors.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.