Observational studyAnnals of Saudi medicine
Door-to-balloon time in the treatment of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction in a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia.
Observational study in Annals of Saudi medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of Effective Factors in the Prognosis of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Transferred by Emergency Medical Services and Self-Referred Patients in Tehran.Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2026Article
- Emergency procedural pathway combined with graded zoning management is associated with improved in-hospital survival and quality of life in patients with acute myocardial infarction.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
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- In vivo clinical effectiveness of artificial intelligence screening for acute coronary syndrome: testing real-world performance.BMJ digital health & AI · 2026Article
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- Influence of Organisational-Level Factors on Delayed Door-to-Balloon Time among Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.Sultan Qaboos University medical journal · 2024Article
- Was there a weekend effect on mortality rates for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and acute myocardial infarction? Insights from the National Inpatient Sample, 2020.Journal of medicine and life · 2024Article
- Optimizing Door-to-Balloon Time for Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention at King Abdullah Medical City.Nursing research and practice · 2024Article
- Door-to-device time and mortality in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention: insight from real world data of Thai PCI Registry.Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy · 2023Article
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- Predictors of Mortality for Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infraction after 2-Year Follow-Up: A ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Cohort in Isfahan Study.Advanced biomedical research · 2022Article
- Retrospective review of non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome presenting to the emergency department of a major tertiary center in Saudi Arabia.Annals of Saudi medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAtherosclerotic heart disease is still a leading cause of mortality despite improvements in cardiovascular care. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the recommended reperfusion therapy in acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and the international guideline is to achieve a door-to-balloon (D2B) time within 90 minutes of patient arrival to an emergency department (ED).
objectivesDescribe interventions, data for the study period, challenges in ensuring 24/7 patient access to PCI and quality indicators.
designRetrospective observational study.
settingTertiary care institution in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS AND
methodsWe included all acute coronary syndrome patients from 2010-2018 who presented or were transferred to our ED from nearby non-PCI capable hospitals, and for whom a 'code heart' was activated. Electronic medical records and the patient care report from the ambulance services were accessed for data collection.
main outcome measuresD2B time, readmission and mortality rate. SAMPLE SIZE AND CHARACTERISTICS: 354 patients, mean age (standard deviation) 55.6 (12.6) years, males 84.5% (n=299).
resultsSTEMI patients constituted 94% (n=334) of the study group; the others had non-STEMI or unstable angina. Hypertension (51%) was the most prevalent risk factor. Coronary artery stenting was the most frequent intervention (77.4%) followed by medical therapy (14.7%). The most common culprit artery was the left anterior descending (52.5%) followed by the right coronary artery (26.0%). A D2B time of within 90 minutes was achieved in over 85% of the patients in four of the years in the 278 patients who underwent PCI. The median D2B time (interquar-tile range) over 2010-2018 was 79 (31) minutes.
conclusionMeeting the international benchmark of D2B time within 90 minutes for STEMI patients is achievable when the main stakeholders collaborate in patient-centric care. Our patient demographics represent regional trends. LIMITATIONS: Patient acceptance to our institution is based upon eligibility criteria. Transfer of 'code heart' patients from other institutions was carried out by our ambulance team. The credentials and experience of cardiologists, emergency physicians, and ambulance services are not standardized across the country. Therefore, the results may not be generalizable to other institutions. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.
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